This is a multi-part message in MIME format. --part0_917987608_boundary Content-ID: <0_917987608@inet_out.mail.aol.com.1> Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII Brief History --part0_917987608_boundary Content-ID: <0_917987608@inet_out.mail.aol.com.2> Content-type: text/plain; name="BRIEFHIS" Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable Content-disposition: inline A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CELTS and SCOTS The ancient Celts came from an area in the foothills of the Ural Mountains, which today is part of Russia. Twenty-five hundred years ago they started to migrate west. The Romans knew them as Galli, the Greeks as Keltoi. There were many tribes of Celts such as Laii, Libici, Insubres, (the largest of the tribes) Cenomani, Boii, Senones, and many others. The Celts routed the Etruscans about 400 years B.C. and they disappeared from the pages of history. The Celts even marched into Rome. It was the worst humiliation Rome was to suffer in her history.* The Romans asked for peace and paid the huge sum of one thousand pounds of gold so the Celts would leave Roman territory. The Celts turned from Rome and headed westward to France and Spain, known as Gaul to the Romans. They first entered England 400-350 B.C. and occupied the whole of the British Isles except for the far north of the Island. Caesar finally invaded England in 54-55 B.C. and subjugated most of the southern part. The Romans were to stay some 400 years. The Celts still held Wales, Ireland, and Scotland. In these areas today over two million people still speak the Celtic tongue which today is known as Gaelic. In Ireland there were numerous tribes of Celts. One of these tribes was known as the Scotti. In 400 A.D. the Scotti crossed the Irish sea into what was known as Caledonia. They established the kingdom of Dalriada in the 5th century in the area of Argyll. There were two peoples already there: the Picts and the Britons. There was a third constituent, the Angles, which had invaded from the continent. In 843 A.D. Kenneth MacAlpin united the Scots and the Picts and fought against the Angles. The king of the Britons died without an heir and King Kenneth, as his nearest relative** assumed kingship over all the Britons. All four nations were united under Malcolm II and Duncan I, son and grandson of King Kenneth. It was after this time that the kingdom became known as Scotland. The Scots fought with the Norsemen for many years and finally in 1263 at the battle of Largs (a Robert Boyd fought in this battle) Alexander defeated them and they ceased to be a threat. In 1066, William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England at the battle of Hastings, and became king of England. He fought many battles against the Scots but Scotland was to remain a separate entity until the Union of the Crowns in 1603. It was in this year that Elizabeth I died and James VI of Scotland became James I of Great Britain. * "The Celts" Gerhard Herm page 13 ** "A Short History of Scotland" P. Hume Brown page 26 =1A --part0_917987608_boundary--