I wasn't actually trying to rekindle the debate on blood quantum and I know not all Choctaws or other Ind'ns will agree with me. Just for clarification though, I don't at all object to the use of the term "Choctaws by Blood" in the Dawes Roll to establish rights of Choctaw descendancy. What I object to is the idea that fractions mean anything about identity after one's right by inheritance to tribal citizenship is established. I'm certainly not suggesting the Nation throw open its rolls to anyone (although the tribe as a sovereign nation does have the right to adopt anyone into the tribe it chooses to). Yakoke! Ron ************************************** See what's free at http://www.aol.com.