In 1831 Alexander Withers had a book published called “Chronicles of Border Warfare”. He tells an up-front summary of Indian depravations along the border of Virginia, Tennessee and Kentucky over the past 100 years or so. Admittedly he is speaking from the ‘white man’s” point of view but even taken with several grains of salt it is easy to learn that the Indians most often gave as good as they got. I really don’t think it’s fair to represent Native American’s as helpless ‘hunted animals’. They were a warrior like people that fought tooth and toe-nail. They didn’t just throw up their hands and run like rabbits. Mr. Withers names some interesting figures. “In the country north west of the Ohio river there were many warlike tribes of Indians, strongly imbued with feelings of rancorous hostility to the neighboring colonists. Among the more powerful of these were the Delawares, who resided on branches of Beaver Creek, Cayahoga and Muskingum; and whose towns contained about six hundred inhabitants—The Shawanees, who to the number of 300, dwelt on the Scioto and Muskingum—THe Chippewas, near Mackinaw, of 400—Cohunnewagos, of 300 and who inhabited near Sandusky—The Wyandots, whose villages were near fort St. Joseph, and embraced a population of 250—The Twightees, near fort Miami, with a like population__The Miamis, on the river Miami, near the fort of that name, reckoning 300 persons—The Pottowatomies of 300 and the Ottawas of 550, in tier villages near to forts St. Joseph and Detroit, and of 250, in the towns near Mackinaw. Besides these there were in the same district of country, others of less note, yet equally inimical to the whites; and who contributed much to the annoyance of the first settlers on the Ohio, and its tributaries. There were likewise the Munsies, dwelling on the north branch of the Susquehanna and on the Allegheny river—The Senecas, on the waters of the Susquehanna, Ontario and the heads of the Allegheny—The Cayugas on Cayuga lake and the Sapoonies, who resided in the neighborhood of the Munsies. In these tribes was an aggregate population of 1380 souls and they likewise added in committing depredations on our frontiers. Thos who venteured to explore and occupy the southwestern portion of Virginia, found also in its vicinity some powerful and warlike tribes. The Cherokees possessed what was then, the western part of North Carolina and numbered 2,500. The Chicasaws, residing south of the Cherokees, had a population of 750 and the Catawbas, on the Catawba river in South Carolina with only 150 persons. These latter were remarkably adventurous, enterprising and courageous; and notwithstanding their remote situation and the paucity of their numbers, frequently traversed the valley of Virginia and even penetrated the country on the north branch of the Susquehanna and between the Ohio river and lake Erie to wage war upon the Delawares. Joyce Gaston Reece