In a message dated 1/1/2006 10:40:21 PM Central Standard Time, joyk@sc.rr.com writes: He was a wealthy merchant and planter. JOLLY SPOKE NO ENGLISH, and dressed in buckskin with a hunting shirt, leggings and moccasins. Thomas Nuttall's Journal, page 143 (Manners and Customs of the Cherokees) states: He <Jolly> last year took leave of the old nation in the Mississippi territory, and embarked with the emigrants, who are yet far from forming a majority of the nation. Being a half Indian, and dressed as a white man, I should scarcely have distinguished him from an American, except by his language. He was very plain, prudent, and unassuming in his dress and manners; a Franklin amongst his countrymen, and affectionately called the "beloved" father. Sensible to the wants of those who had accompanied him in his emigration, he had confidently expected a supply of flour and salt from Mr. Drope, all of which articles had, however, been sold below, excepting a small quantity reserved for the chief himself. He could have sent, he said, some of his people down to the mouth of the river, to purchase maize and flour, but that it would interrupt them in preparing their fields for the ensuing crop. Mr. D., who had in the Mississippi territory become acquainted with Jolly, the chief, tells me that his word is inviolable, and that his generosity knew no bounds, but the limitation of his means. Footnote 89: Tahlonteskee, Principal Chief of the Arkansas Cherokees, had migrated west with three hundred of his tribesmen in 1809. He took a leading part in the guerilla warfare between the Cherokees and Osages, including the massacre of Osages at Claremore Mound, the site of Osage Chief Clermont's village, in the autumn of 1817.~ SOURCE: AM. ST. PAPERS, INDIAN AFFAIRS, II, 97-98, 125-26; Niles' Weekly Register, XIII, 80; FOREMAN [1], 34n., 51-52. John Jolly, Tahlonteskee's brother, who emigrated with a party of 3 31 Cherokees to Arkansas in February, 1818, assumed the chieftainship of the western Cherokees on Tahlonteskee's death in the spring of that year. Return J. Meigs to John C. Calhoun, February 19, 1818, in FOREMAN [1], 65. ------------------------------------ I also have Foreman's books and the above is written there also... I think this basically says Jolly spoke no English, but dressed like a white man... Suzy