Not all people that came over did so as a (paying) passenger. In my research I have come across several ways that people came over without appearing on passenger lists. 1. Stow away 2. Hired on as a sailor , staying behind in the Country of choice. 3. Merchant , sailed with his family on his companies own (freight) ship. 4. Recruited ; shipping companies paid people to find suitable people to work on their ships. Sometimes these recruiters used deceiving methods to trick people into signing on as sailors. Men looking for work were promised a job after they signed a contract and where told to report for work at a certain place . Only then to find out that they were going to sea. The fact that most of these men couldn't read or write didn't matter. Ofcourse after arriving in the first harbor they ran away , and disappeared into the crowd. 5. False names. People changed their names for what ever reason. I am sure there will be more ways of getting across the ocean without appearing on any official document. Peter!!!!!!