Hello to the List again In my haste to send out my last I incorrectly made an error in the e-mail address for my friend Robert C. Carpenter, it should have read [email protected] , sorry for the mistake Robert. There were two replies with questions on "What do you do if you're female????" and "Why is it that the DNA test only works on males and not females?" Y-Chromosomes are passed from father to son only and not to daughters. However, that is for the Y-DNA test. Females may take the mtDNA test to "trace female lineages of both males and females." Females can use the Y-DNA results also through a brother, your father or possibly your uncle. If you do this it will document your paternal genetic ancestral line. Go to http://www.ftdna.com to read more about mtDNA. I would suggest that all females wanting more information about DNA log onto http://www.ftdna.com , the initial web page with their outline of topics, can answer most questions for males and females. For example, One item highlighted in blue reads: DETERMINE relatives through two of your eight great-grandparents using Y or mtDNA testing. Don't forget also that three sisters and one brother of the same father, or any combination of siblings of the same father can submit a DNA sample from one of the males (each pitches in to share the costs) the resulting Paternal DNA test results would be genetically correct for each sibling, again providing that they share the same father. There is a DNA Forum for questions and answers at http://www.ftdna.com . You must also remember that DNA testing is a relatively new genealogical tool and does not replace the conventional methodologies of acquiring your family history. DNA can confirm, prove or disprove a theory or some type of circumstantial evidence when nothing else seems to help. Thanks Bob Carpenter