"Before we can make anything out of it, we need to go one step further and assume something that isn't yet proven: it seems likely, or at least plausible, that Group 2 is descended from William of Providence and Group 3 from William of Rehoboth." This I take to mean that the individuals who kindly provided their DNA samples claimed to be descendants of one of the two Williams, but did not provide real proof of it. Is this correct? Bruce Carpenter Nara, Japan