Adam Carpenter seems the likely ancestor of the English Herefordshire Carpenters. His foreign identity is glimpsed in a Close Rolls legal proceeding (p. 237) involving his son Simon in Essex in 1252. Simon le Charpenter is clearly delineated, along with the revealing Latin aside of ‘Simon filius Ade’. Ade or Adam appears in many other legal events, in a wide geographical range as absentee landlord. For fortuitous document gives us his residence however, in Kent with a seemingly impressive name ‘Adam Carpuntarium de Roff’ or Adam Carpenter of Rochester (Regis, 1223, no. 1032). Elsewhere he is discussed as ‘magistrum Adam’ or Master Adam, terms of respect, for an individual who clearly has means and the power connected to it (Regis, 1237, no. 13). In a majority of the cases concerning an active Adam is the name Hubert de Burg, a name of destiny in English history. Adam Carpenter is clearly at odds with Hubert, and all the literature with the two names coexisting reads ‘Hubertus de Burgo versus Adam Carpentarium’ or Hubert against Adam. Hubert nearly controlled the entire nation of England in his day. Hubert disliked foreigners and I suspect this was an element of his problem with our Carpenter, who was minted in Flanders and come to England to expand a family fortune. Adam’s English adventure began itself in Norfolk, that home and gathering place of Flemmings in the 13th century. If Carpenters needed land, then the natural source would be the Bigod family, the Earls of Norfolk. Just at Adam’s point in time, all the Bigod land fell into the hands of Hubert de Burgo (see Dict. of Nat. Biog.). Hubert would be the custodian, the keeper of Bigod assets, until one of the Bigods would grow old enough to assume power himself. The Bigod family and Flanders have many connections, such as joint crusades, and aristocratic marriages with the house of d”Avesne. The goings on that are implied by such alliances, are too easy to imagine-Norfolk wool sent to weavers in Flanders. We can find Adam’s brother Ralph Carpenter with a Bogod family wool-fulling mill at just this time (Ancient Deeds, vol. I, p. 63). BC