John: It might have very much the case for Carpenter history from the early the early 1200s to well into the 1300s that a great many Flemish Carpentiers came to settle in England. If we continue to conceptualize in terms a small nuclear group of Carpentier trader-settlers, like the Carpenter group that went to Massachusetts, we may have an utterly erroneous picture of what truly happened. I say this because too much evidence has passed my eyes that points to maintained contact with the original family groups and places. For a hundred and fifty years all manner of relatives must have come and gone. There must have been Carpentiers among the traders who were known too reside in England only part of the year. As late as 1557 the Flemish Carpentiers were still trading in England. Note this 3 and 4 Philip and Mary, Part VIII, May 13,1557 account of a dastardly crime: “Whereas it appears by the tenor of a record of George Crofte, one of the coroners of the town and liberty of Dartmouth, co. Devon, 22 March, 3 and 4 Ph. and Mary, that it was presented by 12 jurors upon the view of the body of Guy Carpenter then lying dead in the house of Thomas Mounsey at Dartmouth that it befel on 21 March between 10 and 11 o’clock at night that a foreign (extraneus) man called Skoenne Mychell, captain of ‘a barke’ of Flusshyn in Flanders and the said Carpenter, also of Flanders, were in the said house and Carpenter made an assault upon Mychell with knives and in self-defense Mychell drew his dagger (pugionem) and with it (price 12d.) struck Carpenter.” This I am sure was all over a beautiful women, and Guy certainly did not strike the first blow. We cannot say the Flemish Carpentiers were alive and well in England in 1557, but the fact of their continued trade activity, is a certainty. As I mentioned earlier, titled Carpentiers were sought after for marriages as late as mid 1400s. Bruce Carpenter