Let me restate my case in stark terms. The problem of the origins of the London Carpenter family and Town Clerk John has come to an end. That line of Carpenters originates with Flemish or French merchants, who were active in England in the late 1200s. Richard Carpenter ‘chaundeler’, a probable outfitter of ships, lived on Fleetstreet along the Thames River. Likewise did Edward Carpenter (Charpenter) a wealthy wine importer and likely wool exporter. Only such a rich mercantile family could have gained the London Town Clerkship and subsequently financed the English crown itself. The evidence presented would suffice in any historical academic paper at Harvard or Yale. Finally, this evidence underlines the assertion of the 17th century historian Jean le Carpentier that the English Carpenters with arms originated in Flanders of the late 1200s. Sincerely, Bruce E. Carpenter professor