There is a Louis Lockhart in Antigua, who I believe is from either Dominica or St. Lucia. HTH (Hope That Helps)... -- At 03:25 AM 3/31/2003 +0000, you wrote: >Hi - I'm looking for my Lockhart peoples in St Vincent or Barbados > > >My Dad, Randolph Owen Lockhart, was born in St. Vincent in 1942. He >migrated to Barbados and settled in St. Croix were I was born. > >My Dad's Dad's name was Patrick Lockhart. > > >Connect me if you can. > > >==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== >For information on individual islands, research aids, island bulletin >boards or history please visit the CaribbeanGenWeb project at >http://www.rootsweb.com/~caribgw/ Regards, James C. "Jim" Lynch 510 Conley Street, Thornhill, ON L4J6T8, CANADA 905-760-2413 (direct, message machine) 905-738-3599 (not direct, voice mail) http://www.candoo.com/

Following on from an earlier discussion regarding the 'allocation' of surnames in the slave registers for Trinidad I thought that I'd check the wording of the order in council which set up the slave register in St Lucia (24 Sept 1814, Public Record Office reference PC 2/196). The wording in the order in council is basically the same as for Trinidad (see below) - this might explain why most slaves in the Trinidad and St Lucia registers have surnames whereas few in the other registers have them. I thought naively that it was because they were Catholic countries and baptised their slaves - no I know different. It was because the British government told them to do so. Guy Grannum ----- Original Message ----- From: "Guy Grannum" <guy@gcgrannum.freeserve.co.uk> To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 8:41 PM Subject: Re: "Surnames" - When did this start??? John - you supplied the correct reference for the copy of the Order in Council dated 26 March 1812 which established the registration of slaves (Public Record Office reference CO 295/28, fo 252; the full order in council is on folios 250-264). There were only two orders in council setting up the slave registries - the one for Trinidad and a later one for St Lucia and Mauritius (24 September 1814). The St Lucian registers are similar to the Trinidad ones - I haven't read it in detail but it may have had the same instructions. All the other ones were set up by local legislation and therefore vary quite considerably. The language used in the order in council is quite technical and typically long winded, but for what it is worth I quote the bit relating to surnames - there is similar waffle for the other columns (eg occupation, colour, place of birth, age, remarks etc) "In the second of the said columns shall be inserted the surname of the Slave, if he or she has ever been called or known by any surname or second name, and if not, in cases of Family Slaves included in the said lists of families, the name of the superior relation; and in the case of Slaves who are included in the said general lists of males and females, such name as the owner or party making the return shall think fit to insert therein as the surname by which the Slave and his lawful issue, or her natural issue, and their descendants respectively, shall thereafter always be called; provided, nevertheless, that in cases of Family Slaves, the owner or party making the return may also give, if he thinks fit, some other family name instead of that of the superior relation, so as no two families on the same plantation, or belonging to the same owner, shall have the same surname in the said schedule or return; but for all the purposes of this order, the surname by which each slave shall first be returned and registered, shall continue for ever after to be the surname of such Slave, and his lawful issue, if a male, or her natural issue, if a female, and of their respective descendants, and shall not afterwards be changed." I did warn you ...! The references to Family Slaves and general lists point to the instructions that the registers were meant to list slaves which made up family groups as such and if any were not part of a family group they were to be listed in general lists by sex and then by age. I wonder if the slaves kept to these rules once freed. Also, could slaves who may have been registered under their mother's 'surname' take on their father's name? Guy Grannum >

Thank you. I will try to check out Sean O'Callaghan's book. I was in Ireland for a seminar in early summer 2001 and found it fascinating. I'm also intrigued as a Black American with Irish Protestant (IP) ancestors from northern Ireland who, around 1700, apparently decided to switch (countries) rather than fight. I find that choice rather admirable. Unfortunately, in Dublin in 2001, as it was close to "marching season", locals advised against travelling from Dublin to Belfast/Armagh, etc., so I missed that opportunity. Our IP family history comes from female- rather than male- RICE ancestors, in the Smoky Mountains of western North Carolina and east Tennessee, and previously they'd lived in Virginia - possibly Northumberland County. Were the Irish actually enslaved in the Americas/Barbados? Were they perpetual, chattel property as Africans were? I don't know much about the Irish in the Caribbean compared to British North American (later U.S.) mainland, but one thing that comes to mind is "GONE WITH THE WIND" & the contradictory, romanticized image of the Irish as slaveholder, and slaveholder daughter Scarlett O'HARA. I wonder what the Irish think of their image in "Gone with the Wind". Not only is "Gone with the Wind" now virtually omnipresent across the Planet, it is probably the most widespread, most viewed and inaccurate depiction of slavery; and there are no Irish enslaved in "Gone with the Wind". Last week I was at a news kiosk in Rome, Italy, near the U.S. embassy, and there was "Gone with the Wind", the video, on sale, subtitled or dubbed in Italian. What an image to find of "home". Yes, it pulled my attention. And I felt haunted and a bit sad rather than favourably or even neutrally impressed. Needless to say I did not buy a copy. Marian Douglas www.authorsden.com/MarianDouglas Nairobi, Kenya ---------------------------------- From: <ANDREADRAMSEY@cs.com> Sent: Friday, March 28, 2003 Subject: Re:Irish Slaves > Check out Sean O'Callaghan's book "To Hell or Barbados: The ethnic cleansing > of Ireland" Brandon Books, Ireland, 2000. It is available at Borders books > or check on-line. >

Then of course, there's always Donald Akenson's "If the Irish Ran the World, Montserrat 1630-1730." He includes an exhaustive bibliography in addition to an interesting breakdown of the different groups of Irish populating the island. CSemper semper@bc.edu ANDREADRAMSEY@cs.com wrote: > Check out Sean O'Callaghan's book "To Hell or Barbados: The ethnic cleansing > of Ireland" Brandon Books, Ireland, 2000. It is available at Borders books > or check on-line. > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > ROOTSWEB MAILING LIST HELP PAGES > What is a Mailing List? > http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/help/mail1.html > >

Back i 1784/85 my great-great-great-great-grandfathers brother Jxrgen Andersen, born 1757 conamed Giversen went sailing. He probably went for some years by the triangle-route Copenhagen, Denmark - Guinea, Africa - West India. According to unsure information, he stayed either in Guinea or West India (the family understood it as the coast of Guinea in West India...) round 1794/95 Im interested in wether he has some present descendants, and what happened after he stopped sailing? Daniel Giversen --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.463 / Virus Database: 262 - Release Date: 17-03-2003

Check out Sean O'Callaghan's book "To Hell or Barbados: The ethnic cleansing of Ireland" Brandon Books, Ireland, 2000. It is available at Borders books or check on-line.

Gosta I've a list of plantation owners based on van Bercheyck's map; however I don't have a copy of the map. Would you consider letting me have a xerox- copy as well as Tian. Rgds Tikwis

Hi Tian, Being on the other side of the world it takes me a different time to collect and answer queries :) . I think I recall you queried the location of a creek called Bourocusso Creek back in 2000 and so I started a general list of creeks FWIW from all my assorted bits and pieces. FWIW Bouchenroeder Map of 1798 lists the spelling as Boerasi. May I ask why you didn't put your query up on the Guyana site as well? Rgds Tikwis

The following facts on EUROPE/AFRICA/AMERICAS history were shared by history professor Dr. Beatriz Gallotti Mamigonian, of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil, regarding the slave trade in African people after 1808 when Britain made the slave trade -- though not slavery -- illegal. Details shared by Dr. Mamigonian & others can lead us to other records, clues and facts, and help us assemble certain "disconnected" pieces of history we already have. I would add that in my own (paternal) U.S. Black American family, we have a story that someone in our family was brought from BRAZIL to the USA. How could I further research this information? Does anyone know of info on Brazil>>USA migrations during and after slavery? Our connection may have been a Brazil to South Carolina/Charleston migration. Part of our family from the Charleston, SC area is LOWNDES, and I know there are also LOWNDES in Brazil up to today. Are they connected to the Lowndes of South Carolina (and earlier St. Kitts)? Might they have brought Black people from Brazil to SC?? Most of the following are Dr. Mamigonian's remarks. In 1808, Sierra Leone [West Africa] became a [British] Crown Colony and seat of a vice-admiralty court where ships still engaged in the BRITISH slave trade were tried. Africans found on board [British] ships were freed and apprenticed in Sierra Leone. [What did "apprenticed" mean in these cases?] In 1817-1818 BRITAIN signed bilateral agreements with SPAIN, PORTUGAL and THE NETHERLANDS to have slavers [slave ships] under those flags brought before mixed commission courts - on either side of the Atlantic-- in either Freetown, SIERRA LEONE, or in Havana [CUBA], Paramaribo/ PARAMAIBO [SURINAM/former DUTCH GUIANA], or Rio de Janeiro [BRAZIL]. Africans freed from such ships were to be under the responsibility of local governments and to go through a period of apprenticeship. In the 1840s the British, unhappy with their treatment by Brazilians and Cubans and in need of labourers for their own colonies, bypassed the agreements and took the ships to Vice-Admiralty Courts (Freetown, St Helena, Demerara, Cape Colony). From there, the Africans were taken to the BWI [BRITISH WEST INDIES] through the "Emigration scheme". Related reading: Monica Schuler, ALAS, ALAS KONGO (1981); Johnson Asiegbu, SLAVERY AND THE POLITICS OF LIBERATION (1969) and articles on "liberated Africans". Dr. Mamigonian's own dissertation, "To be a liberated African in Brazil: labour and citizenship in the nineteenth century" (University of Waterloo, 2002) deals with liberated Africans handled by the Brazilian government. Further, Dr. Mamigonian asks what happened to Africans found on board slave ships captured by the FRENCH, and parallel U.S. policy to suppress the [African] slave trade; as well as the fate of more such captured Africans, along with research and publication references on the same. My thanks to Dr. Beatriz Mamigonian for her research and for sharing. Marian Douglas www.authorsden.com/MarianDouglas PO Box 14899, Nairobi, Kenya

I have discovered some information on this Surname, but cannot remember who is searching for it. Please contact me/reply so I can pass it on. Ann "Sharing the information." _________________________________________________________________ STOP MORE SPAM with the new MSN 8 and get 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail

Sounds like a Y-DNA test would be very useful in this case especially since the DNA databases have a lot of samples from Britain and Ireland Rory -----Original Message----- From: Ironywaves [mailto:ironywaves@knology.net] Sent: 27 March 2003 05:06 To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com Subject: Irish Slaves Wayne? Are you still out there? I'd like to have a sit down if you see this... Will Dockery http://groups.yahoo.com/group/temple_ofisis From: Wayne Dockery As a Jamaican of Irish decent (last name=Dockery, orignally O'Dockery), I would have liked to trace back in any available records to see when and where my ancestors came from. However, no one in my family claims to know anything about my paternal grandfather other than his first name. No one knows how many generations back his people came from Ireland. However, from what I gather from my parents and aunts/uncle, the majority of Irish "slaves" or indentured servants primarily went to Jamaica and Barbados as well as Grenada. There was also a major influx of Irish into Jamaica during the Potatoe Famine when everyone wanted to go to Jamaica to make their wealth in the sugar, spice, and grain- alcohol industries (i.e., Rum). On 21 Nov 1996 06:38:21 -0800, Daniel Smothergill wrote: >Cromwell, after thoroughly drubbing Ireland in the mid-1600's, enslaved >hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Irish men and women and shipped them >to the West Indies. The principal destinations appear to have been >Jamaica and Barbados, but it is likely that some went to the other >islands controlled by England as well. > >What ever happened to these Irish slaves? Does anyone know whether >some went to Tortolla? > >There is sporadic discussion of Irish Slaves in the West Indies >on soc.genealogy. UK + Ireland. Check it out. From: Madeleine Mitchell The Irish Slaves supposedly sent by Cromwell to the West Indies keeps cropping up every two months or so. In Jamaica, in 1662, the population was 3,653 whites and 522 negroes. If Cromwell had sent 50,000 women and children to Jamaica by 1660 when James II ascended to the throne, I would have expected a much greater population in 1662. Further these were supposed to be women. The ratio of men to women in Jamaica was about 2:1 at this time. Furthur my understanding is that Cromwell proposed (although no-one seems to able to verify that he actually did), to send 1000 Irish women to Jamaica not 50,000, along with Scots and English convicts to populate the island. There are very few Irish names in the early parish records of Jamaica. One would have to postulate that they all died, if they got there, or that the even with an extreme shortage of women in the island, none of the men secured these women as wives. Further if these were women how would Irish surnames descend? For later Irish immigration to Jamaica, post-emancipation in 1834, see an article by Carl H. Senior. *Robert Kerr emigrants of 1840: Irish "Slaves" for Jamaica* Jamaica Journal #42 pp 104-116, 1978. These were indentured servants hired to replace the freed slaves, and promised land upon the end of serviture. They numbered in the 100's not thousands. The scheme to hire Europeans (Germans, Scots, Portuguese) after slavery was abolished was a dismal failure. Madeleine From: Dan_Smothergill I believe that there was a true difference between Irish slaves and indentured servants. The slaves were truly slaves; owned by their masters. Several postings on soc. geealogy. UK + Ireland give references to 17th century Irish being forced into slavery and deported to the West Indies by the conquering English. Apparently, hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Irish women were sent to Jamaica as slaves.That was just one of many similar instances. Unfortunately, I haven't been able thus far to come across any good primary references. Indentured servants, in contrast, agreed to work for a period of time at their new location in return for their employer having paid their fare to come over. My own ancestors from County Cavan, Ireland somehow wound up on St. Johns, Danish West Indies in 1840. That is what had motivated my own interest in the question. A friend of mine has told me of a dissertation that was done by a Jesuit priest on the "Black Irish" that resulted from these Irish slaves mixing with African slaves. As soon as he comes up with further information, I will post it. Maria Markham Thompson I believe that one West Indian island which had a large influx of Irish settlers was Montserrat: whether these were Cromwellian deportees or not I have no idea. Is there anyone out there from Montserrat who might shed more light? The usual term for European "slaves" was "Indentured" workers. The term of indenture was often seven years, after which I believe it was possible to regain free status. -- ********************************************************************** ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== ROOTSWEB MAILING LIST HELP PAGES What is a Mailing List? http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/help/mail1.html

I have seen a thesis on the migration of Irish to the Caribbean and Jamaica. The thesis makes the same observation that there are many people in Jamaica who claim descent from Cromwellian Irish emigrants. However census records of Jamaica do not show it as having a large poulation until later and few Irish in the time of Cromwell. The thesis goes on to conclude that in the first generation most Irish transports were actually going to Barbados. Many died and or left no children. The island of Barbados could not carry as many people with opportunity as lived there by the second or third generation. Most of the Irish descendants born on Barbados then migrated to the other British colonies including Jamaica.

Wayne? Are you still out there? I'd like to have a sit down if you see this... Will Dockery http://groups.yahoo.com/group/temple_ofisis From: Wayne Dockery As a Jamaican of Irish decent (last name=Dockery, orignally O'Dockery), I would have liked to trace back in any available records to see when and where my ancestors came from. However, no one in my family claims to know anything about my paternal grandfather other than his first name. No one knows how many generations back his people came from Ireland. However, from what I gather from my parents and aunts/uncle, the majority of Irish "slaves" or indentured servants primarily went to Jamaica and Barbados as well as Grenada. There was also a major influx of Irish into Jamaica during the Potatoe Famine when everyone wanted to go to Jamaica to make their wealth in the sugar, spice, and grain- alcohol industries (i.e., Rum). On 21 Nov 1996 06:38:21 -0800, Daniel Smothergill wrote: >Cromwell, after thoroughly drubbing Ireland in the mid-1600's, enslaved >hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Irish men and women and shipped them >to the West Indies. The principal destinations appear to have been >Jamaica and Barbados, but it is likely that some went to the other >islands controlled by England as well. > >What ever happened to these Irish slaves? Does anyone know whether >some went to Tortolla? > >There is sporadic discussion of Irish Slaves in the West Indies >on soc.genealogy. UK + Ireland. Check it out. From: Madeleine Mitchell The Irish Slaves supposedly sent by Cromwell to the West Indies keeps cropping up every two months or so. In Jamaica, in 1662, the population was 3,653 whites and 522 negroes. If Cromwell had sent 50,000 women and children to Jamaica by 1660 when James II ascended to the throne, I would have expected a much greater population in 1662. Further these were supposed to be women. The ratio of men to women in Jamaica was about 2:1 at this time. Furthur my understanding is that Cromwell proposed (although no-one seems to able to verify that he actually did), to send 1000 Irish women to Jamaica not 50,000, along with Scots and English convicts to populate the island. There are very few Irish names in the early parish records of Jamaica. One would have to postulate that they all died, if they got there, or that the even with an extreme shortage of women in the island, none of the men secured these women as wives. Further if these were women how would Irish surnames descend? For later Irish immigration to Jamaica, post-emancipation in 1834, see an article by Carl H. Senior. *Robert Kerr emigrants of 1840: Irish "Slaves" for Jamaica* Jamaica Journal #42 pp 104-116, 1978. These were indentured servants hired to replace the freed slaves, and promised land upon the end of serviture. They numbered in the 100's not thousands. The scheme to hire Europeans (Germans, Scots, Portuguese) after slavery was abolished was a dismal failure. Madeleine From: Dan_Smothergill I believe that there was a true difference between Irish slaves and indentured servants. The slaves were truly slaves; owned by their masters. Several postings on soc. geealogy. UK + Ireland give references to 17th century Irish being forced into slavery and deported to the West Indies by the conquering English. Apparently, hundreds, perhaps thousands, of Irish women were sent to Jamaica as slaves.That was just one of many similar instances. Unfortunately, I haven't been able thus far to come across any good primary references. Indentured servants, in contrast, agreed to work for a period of time at their new location in return for their employer having paid their fare to come over. My own ancestors from County Cavan, Ireland somehow wound up on St. Johns, Danish West Indies in 1840. That is what had motivated my own interest in the question. A friend of mine has told me of a dissertation that was done by a Jesuit priest on the "Black Irish" that resulted from these Irish slaves mixing with African slaves. As soon as he comes up with further information, I will post it. Maria Markham Thompson I believe that one West Indian island which had a large influx of Irish settlers was Montserrat: whether these were Cromwellian deportees or not I have no idea. Is there anyone out there from Montserrat who might shed more light? The usual term for European "slaves" was "Indentured" workers. The term of indenture was often seven years, after which I believe it was possible to regain free status. -- **********************************************************************

Forwarded info from Robert Krueger, email: Robert.Krueger@uni.edu (Tuesday, 18 March 2003) Re: International Group for the Recovery and Dissemination of the Slave Texts of Latin and Caribbean Americas "Slave Texts of Latin America: Toward the Corpus of All the Slave Texts of All the Americas." Workshop at the Latin American Studies Association (LASA) congress, Dallas, Texas, Thursday, 27 March. ... The Group seeks to organize the research and publication of the corpus of all the slave texts (narratives, testimony, letters, literature, etc) of all of Latin and Caribbean Americas. The ultimate goal is to conjoin the corpus with that of North America, where the 'slave narrative' and other slave expression are comparably better collected and studied. This interdisciplinary and international group of scholars seeks to make available to all the slave expression of all the Americas and the knowledge related to them. We further hope that these productions, besides giving voice to the supressed of the past, will also help us understand and end human bondage in this century. The Group's next meeting is at the LASA congress, Dallas, Thursday, March 27, 5-7 pm, Press Club, workshop: "Slave Texts of Latin America: Toward the Corpus of All the Slave Texts of All the Americas." The agenda includes: refinement of mission, organization, a home institution, and fundraising. Cordially, Robert Krueger

Felicitaciones!

Tian, Online you might try David Rumsey's map site. http://www.davidrumsey.com/ I find it an excellent online source of old maps, and you are able to navigate around them, zoom etc. If you've never used the site B4, just choose the "insight Browser"; search/by country/list. Double clicking on the desired map will open it in a separate window. Lisa J

Thanks for the quick response re Boerasirie Creek. I knew someone would set me on the right path! I am working from a transcription of a tape recording of one family ancient (now passed on). The spelling was my own rendition of what I heard. Now to use the information you've passed on. Thank you, Tian

Hello Tian, A reproduction of the 1759 map drawn by L Lodewyk van Bercheyck, shows two spots located at the mouth of River Essequibo, on the east side. No 1 is spelt Boerasirie Kreek and is surrounded by two coffe plantations. East of the creek is Litr A; (no name) owned by F.J Mushack and west of the creek is Litr a; "Zeelucht" owned by Jan Baptist Struys. Further west (or south-west) is no 2, spelt Boehoeresirie Kreek with a spot named "Brandwacht" owned by the WIC (D´Edele Compagnie´s) Give me your address and I will send you a xerox-copy of the map. Regards, Gosta ----- Ursprungligt meddelande ----- Från: "Tian Uddenberg" <tian@shaw.ca> Till: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> Skickat: den 24 mars 2003 14:30 Ämne: Re: Guyana > Can anyone tell me if there is a mapsite on the Internet where I can > locate Borasiri Creek in Guyana. > Thanks > Tian > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked > >

Boerasirie gets the largest number of hits this must be the right name

That is not Borasiri. That should be spelled B-A-R-A-S-I-R-I It is the boundary between Essequibo and Demerara Q.) Mister Bond you are from St. Croix how the heck did you know that? A.) I ran a soundex type phonetic search