----- Original Message ----- From: "Dorothy Kew" <dkew1@ca.inter.net> To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2003 5:33 PM Subject: Re: NewspaperArchive.com - Notice issued on 3/11/2003 > Hi Edward: > > I would hazard a guess that it will be like the the Toronto Star, also the > Globe and Mail, both of which have been digitized and the digitized copy put > on line. The search is on OCR, optical character recognition, which does > have its drawbacks, particularly with poor copy. As I've been going through > microfilm of the Gleaner from about 1866 .... I've just completed 1881 ... I > can attest to the fact that sometimes the copy is very poor indeed, poor > leading, many broken characters, so it will be interesting to see how OCR > works with the Gleaner. > > That apart, I think this is excellent news! If the subscription is a mere > US $29.95 per year, that's a fantastic bargain, especially for a newspaper > which goes back to 1834! I can assure that the subscription rates for the > Toronto Star and the Globe and Mail are so high that only institutions such > as libraries can afford to pay for them. The proposed subscription rate for > the Gleaner puts it within the reach of the ordinary researcher. > > On another note, I'm unsubscribing from the List for 3 weeks as I'm off to > sunny Jamaica tomorrow morning. Since we just had a couple centimetres of > snow here in Burlington I would say it's not a moment too soon! > > Dorothy > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Edward Crawford" <tcrawford@revhist.datanet.co.uk> > To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> > Sent: April 1, 2003 2:40 AM > Subject: Re: NewspaperArchive.com - Notice issued on 3/11/2003 > > > > Will it be searchable or is that too much to ask? I am never satisfied. > > Edward Crawford > > ----- Original Message ----- > > From: "Joyce Falink" <jfalink@rconnect.com> > > To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> > > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2003 1:59 AM > > Subject: NewspaperArchive.com - Notice issued on 3/11/2003 > > > > > > > An interesting find at NewspaperArchive.com is as follows: > > > > > > NewspaperArchive.com to Put Entire History of the Jamaica Gleaner Online > > > NewspaperArchive.com. > > > > > > "The world's first, largest and busiest website of fully-searchable > > > historic newspapers, is proud to announce its latest contract with the > > > Jamaica Gleaner. > > > > > > The Gleaner, which boasts a Sunday circulation of 100,000, is the paper > > > of record for the entire Caribbean region. Established in 1834, it has > > > maintained a standard of journalistic excellence and in-depth reporting > > > that set it among the flagship papers of the world. The Jamaica Gleaner > > > is published seven days a week. Its headquarters are in Kingston, > > > Jamaica with offices in London and Toronto. Errol Knight, director of > > > Technology at The Gleaner, initiated the NewspaperArchive.com Gleaner > > > project. Mr. Knight has been the driving force behind the evolution of > > > the Gleaner from a print-only publication to a leading online force in > > > the Caribbean. > > > > > > With the approval of Oliver Clark, the well-respected publisher of The > > > Gleaner, the project is set to commence immediately, and will take > > > approximately 6 months to complete. This will establish The Gleaner as a > > > fully integrated historic resource on the Internet. > > > > > > We are beginning with the most recent history, and working backward from > > > there, said Tim Johnston, marketing director for NewspaperArchive.com. > > > It is fascinating to read about world events from the unique perspective > > > of Jamaica. > > > > > > Online memberships to the entire Gleaner archives will be available > > > online later this year. Patrons may have unlimited access for only > > > $29.95 per year. Monthly rates and one-day passes will also be available > > > for credit card purchase." > > > > > > > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > > > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at > > http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > > > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked > > > > > > > > > ______________________________________________________________ > > > This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, > > > powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please > > > visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk. > > > > > > > > > ______________________________________________________________ > > This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, > > powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please > > visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk. > > > > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at > http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked > > > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked > > >

I think there was a massive death rate, often of tropical diseases, there would be few women so the reproduction rate would be v. low so very few had descendants. But I have the suspicion too that the much of black population of the West Indies is descended from those who came there surprisingly late because the earlier it was the more likely the slaves were worked to death without descendants. I do not know what work has been done on this but the proportion of "Africans" rather than "creoles" listed in the Jamaican slave registers of 1817, ten years after the official end of the slave trade seems very high to me. Perhaps it was as much as a third. The free black population was a pretty small proportion of the total in the 1820s. For example Colonoal Office returns then say in St Thomas in the East there were 442 whites, 196 free blacks & "people of colour" and 25,648 slaves. In St Andrews there were 476 whites, 336 free blacks & persons of colour and 15,215 slaves. Edward Crawford ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ann Whiting" <aqw8326@hotmail.com> To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2003 4:35 PM Subject: Re: Irish Slaves > The question begs to ask, and this is for pondering, where did all to people > go? If not to Barbados, Jamaica and Montsarrat, what did Cromwell do with > them? > Ann > > > >From: RichardBond@webtv.net (Richard Bond) > >Reply-To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com > >To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com > >Subject: Re: Irish Slaves > >Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 00:33:52 -0500 (EST) > > > > I have seen a thesis on the migration of Irish to the Caribbean and > >Jamaica. The thesis makes the same observation that there are many > >people in Jamaica who claim descent from Cromwellian Irish emigrants. > >However census records of Jamaica do not show it as having a large > >poulation until later and few Irish in the time of Cromwell. The thesis > >goes on to conclude that in the first generation most Irish transports > >were actually going to Barbados. Many died and or left no children. The > >island of Barbados could not carry as many people with opportunity as > >lived there by the second or third generation. Most of the Irish > >descendants born on Barbados then migrated to the other British colonies > >including Jamaica. > > > > > >==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > >ROOTSWEB MAILING LIST HELP PAGES > >What is a Mailing List? > >http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/help/mail1.html > > > > > "Sharing the information." > > _________________________________________________________________ > MSN 8 with e-mail virus protection service: 2 months FREE* > http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked > > > ______________________________________________________________ > This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, > powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please > visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk. > ______________________________________________________________ This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk.

The title of the book is of course "Hell or Barbados." Hell is where Cromwell and his followers believed Catholics went after being exterminated. They did a lot of that.

Still searching for leads on early mayo's from Barbados... 1600's- and earlier- Thanks, and if any info, or wish to correspond- you can email me at nancyb@nicsweb.com Thanks again, nancy Bishop

Hi Edward: I would hazard a guess that it will be like the the Toronto Star, also the Globe and Mail, both of which have been digitized and the digitized copy put on line. The search is on OCR, optical character recognition, which does have its drawbacks, particularly with poor copy. As I've been going through microfilm of the Gleaner from about 1866 .... I've just completed 1881 ... I can attest to the fact that sometimes the copy is very poor indeed, poor leading, many broken characters, so it will be interesting to see how OCR works with the Gleaner. That apart, I think this is excellent news! If the subscription is a mere US $29.95 per year, that's a fantastic bargain, especially for a newspaper which goes back to 1834! I can assure that the subscription rates for the Toronto Star and the Globe and Mail are so high that only institutions such as libraries can afford to pay for them. The proposed subscription rate for the Gleaner puts it within the reach of the ordinary researcher. On another note, I'm unsubscribing from the List for 3 weeks as I'm off to sunny Jamaica tomorrow morning. Since we just had a couple centimetres of snow here in Burlington I would say it's not a moment too soon! Dorothy ----- Original Message ----- From: "Edward Crawford" <tcrawford@revhist.datanet.co.uk> To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: April 1, 2003 2:40 AM Subject: Re: NewspaperArchive.com - Notice issued on 3/11/2003 > Will it be searchable or is that too much to ask? I am never satisfied. > Edward Crawford > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Joyce Falink" <jfalink@rconnect.com> > To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> > Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2003 1:59 AM > Subject: NewspaperArchive.com - Notice issued on 3/11/2003 > > > > An interesting find at NewspaperArchive.com is as follows: > > > > NewspaperArchive.com to Put Entire History of the Jamaica Gleaner Online > > NewspaperArchive.com. > > > > "The world's first, largest and busiest website of fully-searchable > > historic newspapers, is proud to announce its latest contract with the > > Jamaica Gleaner. > > > > The Gleaner, which boasts a Sunday circulation of 100,000, is the paper > > of record for the entire Caribbean region. Established in 1834, it has > > maintained a standard of journalistic excellence and in-depth reporting > > that set it among the flagship papers of the world. The Jamaica Gleaner > > is published seven days a week. Its headquarters are in Kingston, > > Jamaica with offices in London and Toronto. Errol Knight, director of > > Technology at The Gleaner, initiated the NewspaperArchive.com Gleaner > > project. Mr. Knight has been the driving force behind the evolution of > > the Gleaner from a print-only publication to a leading online force in > > the Caribbean. > > > > With the approval of Oliver Clark, the well-respected publisher of The > > Gleaner, the project is set to commence immediately, and will take > > approximately 6 months to complete. This will establish The Gleaner as a > > fully integrated historic resource on the Internet. > > > > We are beginning with the most recent history, and working backward from > > there, said Tim Johnston, marketing director for NewspaperArchive.com. > > It is fascinating to read about world events from the unique perspective > > of Jamaica. > > > > Online memberships to the entire Gleaner archives will be available > > online later this year. Patrons may have unlimited access for only > > $29.95 per year. Monthly rates and one-day passes will also be available > > for credit card purchase." > > > > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at > http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked > > > > > > ______________________________________________________________ > > This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, > > powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please > > visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk. > > > > > ______________________________________________________________ > This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, > powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please > visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk. > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked >

Edward, Another thing to consider in this, is that in the beginning of the African slave trade, the Caribbean was used as a "seasoning" ground for the slave traders. In the US, newly captured slaves, were more prone to runaway or revolt, many US plantation owners, did not want new slaves. the islands were more conducive to a period of training, (language, customs, etc) and healing, Also, Jamaica and Barbados, was the hub of the slave trade, slaves were brought there not just for the island work, but sold and shipped to all parts east, ie. the US and South America. Toward the end of the capturing in Africa, the trade continued, because the abolition was on Africa, not on slaves already owned, therefore, slaves could be sold and transported from the islands to other parts of the world. As to the Irish, and the large numbers that were said to be removed from Ireland and transported, if they all did not go to the caribbean, were the numbers inflated or was 'transportation' a cover-up? Ann >From: "Edward Crawford" <tcrawford@revhist.datanet.co.uk> >Reply-To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com >To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com >Subject: Re: Irish Slaves >Date: Tue, 1 Apr 2003 17:28:37 +0100 > >I think there was a massive death rate, often of tropical diseases, there >would be few women so the reproduction rate would be v. low so very few had >descendants. But I have the suspicion too that the much of black population >of the West Indies is descended from those who came there surprisingly late >because the earlier it was the more likely the slaves were worked to death >without descendants. I do not know what work has been done on this but the >proportion of "Africans" rather than "creoles" listed in the Jamaican slave >registers of 1817, ten years after the official end of the slave trade >seems >very high to me. Perhaps it was as much as a third. The free black >population was a pretty small proportion of the total in the 1820s. For >example Colonoal Office returns then say in St Thomas in the East there >were >442 whites, 196 free blacks & "people of colour" and 25,648 slaves. In St >Andrews there were 476 whites, 336 free blacks & persons of colour and >15,215 slaves. >Edward Crawford > >----- Original Message ----- >From: "Ann Whiting" <aqw8326@hotmail.com> >To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> >Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2003 4:35 PM >Subject: Re: Irish Slaves > > > > The question begs to ask, and this is for pondering, where did all to >people > > go? If not to Barbados, Jamaica and Montsarrat, what did Cromwell do >with > > them? > > Ann > > > > > > >From: RichardBond@webtv.net (Richard Bond) > > >Reply-To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com > > >Subject: Re: Irish Slaves > > >Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 00:33:52 -0500 (EST) > > > > > > I have seen a thesis on the migration of Irish to the Caribbean and > > >Jamaica. The thesis makes the same observation that there are many > > >people in Jamaica who claim descent from Cromwellian Irish emigrants. > > >However census records of Jamaica do not show it as having a large > > >poulation until later and few Irish in the time of Cromwell. The thesis > > >goes on to conclude that in the first generation most Irish transports > > >were actually going to Barbados. Many died and or left no children. The > > >island of Barbados could not carry as many people with opportunity as > > >lived there by the second or third generation. Most of the Irish > > >descendants born on Barbados then migrated to the other British >colonies > > >including Jamaica. > > > > > > > > >==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > > >ROOTSWEB MAILING LIST HELP PAGES > > >What is a Mailing List? > > >http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/help/mail1.html > > > > > > > > > "Sharing the information." > > > > _________________________________________________________________ > > MSN 8 with e-mail virus protection service: 2 months FREE* > > http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus > > > > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at >http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked > > > > > > ______________________________________________________________ > > This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, > > powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please > > visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk. > > > > >______________________________________________________________ >This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, >powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please >visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk. > > >==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== >ROOTSWEB MAILING LIST HELP PAGES >What is a Mailing List? >http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/help/mail1.html > "Sharing the information." _________________________________________________________________

Death rates in those days were abhorant if you look at some the the stats that do exist for soldiers in JA in the early 1700's you can see that thousands & thousands died every yr so much so that one set of figure I saw showed a decrease in population even tho over 10,000 new persons had arrived When you look at the records for 1700 many Irish names are found in Jamaica eg Rankin, Wood, McLaughlin, Hayes, Collins, Wolf/Woulf to name just a small sample Ann Whiting wrote: > The question begs to ask, and this is for pondering, where did all to people > go? If not to Barbados, Jamaica and Montsarrat, what did Cromwell do with > them? > Ann > > >From: RichardBond@webtv.net (Richard Bond) > >Reply-To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com > >To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com > >Subject: Re: Irish Slaves > >Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 00:33:52 -0500 (EST) > > > > I have seen a thesis on the migration of Irish to the Caribbean and > >Jamaica. The thesis makes the same observation that there are many > >people in Jamaica who claim descent from Cromwellian Irish emigrants. > >However census records of Jamaica do not show it as having a large > >poulation until later and few Irish in the time of Cromwell. The thesis > >goes on to conclude that in the first generation most Irish transports > >were actually going to Barbados. Many died and or left no children. The > >island of Barbados could not carry as many people with opportunity as > >lived there by the second or third generation. Most of the Irish > >descendants born on Barbados then migrated to the other British colonies > >including Jamaica. > > > > > >==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > >ROOTSWEB MAILING LIST HELP PAGES > >What is a Mailing List? > >http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/help/mail1.html > > > > "Sharing the information." > > _________________________________________________________________ > MSN 8 with e-mail virus protection service: 2 months FREE* > http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked

Will it be searchable or is that too much to ask? I am never satisfied. Edward Crawford ----- Original Message ----- From: "Joyce Falink" <jfalink@rconnect.com> To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Tuesday, April 01, 2003 1:59 AM Subject: NewspaperArchive.com - Notice issued on 3/11/2003 > An interesting find at NewspaperArchive.com is as follows: > > NewspaperArchive.com to Put Entire History of the Jamaica Gleaner Online > NewspaperArchive.com. > > "The world's first, largest and busiest website of fully-searchable > historic newspapers, is proud to announce its latest contract with the > Jamaica Gleaner. > > The Gleaner, which boasts a Sunday circulation of 100,000, is the paper > of record for the entire Caribbean region. Established in 1834, it has > maintained a standard of journalistic excellence and in-depth reporting > that set it among the flagship papers of the world. The Jamaica Gleaner > is published seven days a week. Its headquarters are in Kingston, > Jamaica with offices in London and Toronto. Errol Knight, director of > Technology at The Gleaner, initiated the NewspaperArchive.com Gleaner > project. Mr. Knight has been the driving force behind the evolution of > the Gleaner from a print-only publication to a leading online force in > the Caribbean. > > With the approval of Oliver Clark, the well-respected publisher of The > Gleaner, the project is set to commence immediately, and will take > approximately 6 months to complete. This will establish The Gleaner as a > fully integrated historic resource on the Internet. > > We are beginning with the most recent history, and working backward from > there, said Tim Johnston, marketing director for NewspaperArchive.com. > It is fascinating to read about world events from the unique perspective > of Jamaica. > > Online memberships to the entire Gleaner archives will be available > online later this year. Patrons may have unlimited access for only > $29.95 per year. Monthly rates and one-day passes will also be available > for credit card purchase." > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > all messages posted to CARIBBEAN-L are archived at http://archiver.rootsweb.com/ > Before posting a query, see if the question has already been asked > > > ______________________________________________________________ > This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, > powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please > visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk. > ______________________________________________________________ This message has been scanned by the Datanet VirusScreen Service, powered by BT Ignite and Messagelabs. For more information please visit http://www.VirusScreen.co.uk.

The question begs to ask, and this is for pondering, where did all to people go? If not to Barbados, Jamaica and Montsarrat, what did Cromwell do with them? Ann >From: RichardBond@webtv.net (Richard Bond) >Reply-To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com >To: CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com >Subject: Re: Irish Slaves >Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 00:33:52 -0500 (EST) > > I have seen a thesis on the migration of Irish to the Caribbean and >Jamaica. The thesis makes the same observation that there are many >people in Jamaica who claim descent from Cromwellian Irish emigrants. >However census records of Jamaica do not show it as having a large >poulation until later and few Irish in the time of Cromwell. The thesis >goes on to conclude that in the first generation most Irish transports >were actually going to Barbados. Many died and or left no children. The >island of Barbados could not carry as many people with opportunity as >lived there by the second or third generation. Most of the Irish >descendants born on Barbados then migrated to the other British colonies >including Jamaica. > > >==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== >ROOTSWEB MAILING LIST HELP PAGES >What is a Mailing List? >http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/help/mail1.html > "Sharing the information." _________________________________________________________________ MSN 8 with e-mail virus protection service: 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/virus

Marian - at the risk of being VERY wrong I'll throw my 2 cents in, and wait to be corrected. My impression from various readings is that there were 3 main scenarios (this refers to Barbados) - indenture was a contract for a matter of years usually about 3-10 with often the promise of "something" at the end - a piece of land. It was a "voluntary" contract. Prisoners also seemed to have been sold for specific time periods with no carrot at the end and it is my understanding that terms could be added onto for various reasons after they were sold. Kidnapped - well - I'm not sure on this one, however it does not seem to be for life or perpetual unless, for infractions, the term was added onto. I don't get the impression that though they were often treated badly & the "carrot" at the end of indenture didn't always materialize, that they were ever considered enslaved for life, unless ill treatment brought and end to their lives prematurely. Of course some of their owners were Irish. Some went on to become land & slave owners themselves. Some to become overseers & militia. Some got their bits of land and hung on or prospered. Many left. It is very difficult to generalize. Lisa J

There is a Lockhart family in Antigua that I have been told the Virgin Islands Lockharts are descended from.

What Ms Panton's posting says is true. At the same time there were those who came in under indenture and died rich other immigrants found themselves in such circumstances that they chose to renew and were in that state for much longer.

I am currently putting together a small journal/newsletter dealing with Caribbean family history and heritage. The aim is to stimulate interest and encourage research amongst people living in the U.K. with West Indian ancestry. I would very much welcome input from subscribers to this list by way of short articles dealing with any aspect of Caribbean genealogy or heritage. If you are able to contribute or would like more information on my publication, I would be delighted to hear from you. You can email me at john.prior3@ntlworld.com John Prior England

great news Joyce Falink wrote: > An interesting find at NewspaperArchive.com is as follows: > > NewspaperArchive.com to Put Entire History of the Jamaica Gleaner Online > NewspaperArchive.com.

there are some historical writings of the late 1600 early 1700's which refer to European slaves and endentured labourers in the eastern Caribbean. One writer a Catholic Priest wrote of the plight of endentured labourers. At that time according to him, the death rate was extremely high as the owner got the maximum labour out of them in the 7 yrs he had them --- if they died at 6 1/2 yrs he had not lost any money. Whereas with the slaves they were owned for life and so better care was taken so that full $$ value would be reached. African or European slaves were treated the same --- however as the African were more resistant to tropic diseases they were preferred A callus way prespective from today's viewpoint Lisa wrote: > Marian - at the risk of being VERY wrong I'll throw my 2 cents in, and wait > to be corrected. My impression from various readings is that there were 3 > main scenarios (this refers to Barbados) - indenture was a contract for a > matter of years usually about 3-10 with often the promise of "something" at > the end - a piece of land. It was a "voluntary" contract. Prisoners also > seemed to have been sold for specific time periods with no carrot at the end > and it is my understanding that terms could be added onto for various > reasons after they were sold. Kidnapped - well - I'm not sure on this one, > however it does not seem to be for life or perpetual unless, for > infractions, the term was added onto. I don't get the impression that > though they were often treated badly & the "carrot" at the end of indenture > didn't always materialize, that they were ever considered enslaved for life, > unless ill treatment brought and end to their lives prematurely. > > Of course some of their owners were Irish. Some went on to become land & > slave owners themselves. Some to become overseers & militia. Some got > their bits of land and hung on or prospered. Many left. It is very > difficult to generalize. Lisa J > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > ROOTSWEB MAILING LIST HELP PAGES > What is a Mailing List? > http://helpdesk.rootsweb.com/help/mail1.html

I am very interested in your list of plantation owners . Do you see a Samuel Franco on the list ? He lived in Grenada, Trinidad, and Barbados in the 1890's and early 1900s. If there is a Fra;nco can you send me the list? Thank you Ray Franco ocnarf@comcast.net ----- Original Message ----- From: "Tikwis Begbie" <tikwis_b@bigpond.net.au> To: <CARIBBEAN-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Wednesday, March 26, 2003 11:44 PM Subject: van Berceyck map > Gosta > I've a list of plantation owners based on van Bercheyck's map; however I > don't have a copy of the map. Would you consider letting me have a xerox- > copy as well as Tian. > Rgds > Tikwis > > > > ==== CARIBBEAN Mailing List ==== > For information on individual islands, research aids, island bulletin boards or history please visit the CaribbeanGenWeb project at > http://www.rootsweb.com/~caribgw/ >

An interesting find at NewspaperArchive.com is as follows: NewspaperArchive.com to Put Entire History of the Jamaica Gleaner Online NewspaperArchive.com. "The world's first, largest and busiest website of fully-searchable historic newspapers, is proud to announce its latest contract with the Jamaica Gleaner. The Gleaner, which boasts a Sunday circulation of 100,000, is the paper of record for the entire Caribbean region. Established in 1834, it has maintained a standard of journalistic excellence and in-depth reporting that set it among the flagship papers of the world. The Jamaica Gleaner is published seven days a week. Its headquarters are in Kingston, Jamaica with offices in London and Toronto. Errol Knight, director of Technology at The Gleaner, initiated the NewspaperArchive.com Gleaner project. Mr. Knight has been the driving force behind the evolution of the Gleaner from a print-only publication to a leading online force in the Caribbean. With the approval of Oliver Clark, the well-respected publisher of The Gleaner, the project is set to commence immediately, and will take approximately 6 months to complete. This will establish The Gleaner as a fully integrated historic resource on the Internet. We are beginning with the most recent history, and working backward from there, said Tim Johnston, marketing director for NewspaperArchive.com. It is fascinating to read about world events from the unique perspective of Jamaica. Online memberships to the entire Gleaner archives will be available online later this year. Patrons may have unlimited access for only $29.95 per year. Monthly rates and one-day passes will also be available for credit card purchase."

For you Tikwis - a pleasure. What´s your address? Regards, Gosta

Marian Douglas asks: : : [What did "apprenticed" mean in these cases?] Africans taken off ships carrying slaves illegally were contraband and became the responsibility of the Collector of Customs in whichever British colony the Vice-Admiralty court was attached to (and these were distributed around the Atlantic). The Act Against the Slave Trade of 1807 and the subsequent regulations of March 1808 stipulated that he had to ensure their maintenance, and where possible he was to apprentice them out to local employers for a term of (generally) fourteen years, monitoring their treatment. They were supposed to be prepared during this time for a Christian life and independence in freedom. Some colonies were known for allowing the apprenticeship term to be renewed continually, thus producing a condition very little different from life servitude. Modern historians tend to the use of the term 'recaptives' to indicate their lack of freedom after being freed from the slave ships, and in fact this term was used officially at the inception of the system as an alternative to 'liberated Africans'. John Weiss Independent Scholar, London See the history links at http://homepage.virgin.net/john.weiss/mcnish-weiss.html

Hi - I'm looking for my Lockhart peoples in St Vincent or Barbados My Dad, Randolph Owen Lockhart, was born in St. Vincent in 1942. He migrated to Barbados and settled in St. Croix were I was born. My Dad's Dad's name was Patrick Lockhart. Connect me if you can.