There are very few extant passenger lists for the 1700's. Most of the ones that have survived have been published, first in book form and then, more recently, on the Web. I've never verified the ones on the Web, except for the Jupiter of Lorne, from Ft. William, Scotland to Wilmington, NC in 1774. It was accurate. The British government did not require records to be kept for immigrants, until they realized the magnitude of the emigration occurring among the Scots, sometime around 1774 - 1775. That is why most of the passenger lists you'll come across are from that time period. Of course, all immigration was suspended from 1776-1784 during the War. Most of the early passenger lists of the century actually come from contemporary newspapers / magazines who often published lists of emigrants leaving for the Americas. A alternate resource are the many books David Dobson, noted Scottish genealogy author, has published. They are collections of references to Scots in America from newspapers and government records (wills, petitions, land grants, chancery rolls, etc). While extensive, I have to say I've never found my immigrant Carmichaels among them. These books can usually be found in any fair-sized library, and are also available from the Genealogical Publishing Co. (www.genealogybookshop.com). Check the Scottish section for other sources. Another interesting source is Filby's Passenger Lists, also available at most large libraries and now for sale on CD. But be warned that Filby's lists any references to immigrants, including secondary sources. I've found references in it to my Carmichaels from published family histories, where the author was relying on family oral history and nothing more. So be sure to check the sources indicated by Filby. As to where, yes there were several areas that were popular with the Scots who came. They liked to settle in communities with other Scots. Indeed, many interconnected families often immigrated together. The major areas to settle were in the Cape Fear Valley of the Carolinas (they came in at Wilmington), Nova Scotia, New York, and Pennsylvania, with some coming into the Tidewater area of Virginia and into Charleston, SC. As to where they came from, they were mostly Highlanders, fleeing the oppression that was rampant in the Highlands after the '45, and those who felt the economic conditions in the Scottish highlands were such that they could no longer support their families. Most of these earlier immigrants were actually not the poorest class, but rather the tacksmen or middle class in the former clan system. Regarding the ship wreck, I'm less familiar with the details of what might be available, but I would think early newspapers would be a likely source. Survival and availability vary with each area of the country and each newspaper. I know there is an organization called ESCN that is abstracting genealogy references to Early South Carolina Newspapers and publishing them. They have a search service & are on the web. Good luck with your search. ==Debbie== Debra J. Kerner Clan Carmichael USA Genealogist DKerner@csi.com Friday, September 03, 1999 7:02 PM -----Original Message----- From: Carole Conrad [mailto:casuco@yahoo.com] Sent: Tuesday, August 31, 1999 3:07 PM To: CAPE-FEAR-SCOTS-L@rootsweb.com Subject: Genealogy Question...help please Thank you to all of you who are constantly giving me and so many other budding genealogists and historians so much information!! I have a question to help me begin my new research project: The rumor in my family is that a grandparent survived a Ship wreck off the coast of Virginia or north or south Carolina in the 1700s. The person was Scottish (but do not from where) and immigrating here but may have been sailing from England. No one else survived...maybe one other person. >From 1700-1800: 1. did these ships have passenger lists? 2. where are they kept? only as records/documents or as books? 3. where can I best see them: in person, in book form, microfiched or on the internet? 4. how reliable are the records/ship transcriptions on the net? 5. were there very established ports of call for these three states at that time? can i limit my search to a few ports? did scottish immigrants only come into one or two ports? 6. were there very few recognized ship lines so i can search each company? 7. would such a wreck be in the newspapers of those days and should i check each cities major papers? Thanks for your help and advice. Carole in NYC __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Bid and sell for free at http://auctions.yahoo.com ______________________________