Carolyn, thanks for forwarding the message from Pat. Pat, the reason I asked about the 1860 census is that Indians (and other races) are included and identified by race in the later Mariposa censuses (censi?). I am looking for great-grandmother NORTH STAR who was born in 1845, 1847 or 1853 and was said to be fullblood Yosemite Miwok. She is listed in the 1870 Mariposa Census with her children in the household of Frank S. GOFF, my great-grandfather. According to family members, they were married in a Miwok ceremony, and she is shown as "wife" in the 1880 census. I still have a theory that he may have "bought" her, as GOFF also "owned" Chinese bond slaves, and Indian women and children were being sold to white miners during that time period. They did stay married until her death in 1897 and had at least nine children. North Star was listed as "wife" on his Homestead papers. I have not been able to find NORTH STAR any earlier than the 1870 census and have not a clue who her family was. I would like to find out whether she was related to any other Mariposa Indian families. Oral history says that NORTH STAR was a survivor of the Mariposa Indian Wars. Possibly she was an orphan, so I am looking for a household and/or relatives where she was living before 1865 when she married Goff. Someone raised her -- ? -- from 1845(?) to 1865. According to some accounts that I have read, the Fresno Reservation was in existence as early as 1851, when Chief Tenaya and a remnant of his band (mostly women, children and old people) were "removed" to that place against their will. Naturally, the Indians kept trying to run away, and eventually they were allowed to return to their homes on the Merced River (around 1853, I think). I am wondering whether any record was kept of the individual Indians so removed and later released. Did the government do any census at the Fresno Reservation? I have my granduncle Ed GOFF's application for the 1928 Indian Register, but while it shows NORTH STAR as a fullblood Mariposa Indian, it states that he did not know who his grandparents were, on either side. So I am looking for information that my granduncle did not even have! He does list North Star's date of death as 1897 and age as 50, so that makes her born in 1847, but who knows ... Re the Civil War, I have Frank Stahl GOFF in the 1860 Hornitos census and the 1870 Mariposa census. Sometime between those dates, he met NORTH STAR and their first child was born in 1866. She was named Elizabeth Grant GOFF, and a later child was given the middle name "Sherman" -- that's what got me wondering about the Civil War and whether he might have been in active duty in the years 1861-65. GOFF was a sailor back in Newport, Rhode Island before coming out to California and came from a seafaring family from England. Also, his grandfather STAHL was a Colonel, probably in the Revolution. When I looked for Civil War veterans a while back, the Navy had not been listed at that particular website. Even though I seem to have hit the proverbial "brick wall" with NORTH STAR, I come back to the search from time to time, hoping to find some little scrap of information that might unlock her identity. Thanks for your help and input, Joan in San Jose ================================================ In a message dated 11/3/01 6:52:32 AM Pacific Standard Time, sweetwater@sierratel.com writes: > > This message from listmember Pat was sent to the wrong address- it was > ment for this list in response to recent posts by Joan on the Fresno > Reservation and the question regarding the 1860 Census.............. > =================================================== > > Joan wrote: > > Sharon -- Were Indians included in the *1860* census and is that census > available for Mariposa County? Also, have you ever come across any > record or > list of the Indians at the Fresno Reservation in the 1850s? > > Another question: Do you know of any way to find records or lists of > Mariposa > residents who served in the Civil War? > > Joan in San Jose > > > >"Pat Brattland(Yet-choo-nook)" wrote: > > > > > Indians did not become citizens until 1924. The total Indian > population was > > > estimated by several people. By 1850 the California Indians were > reduced to > > > 100,000. > > > Many Indians scattered fearing for their lives finding areas of the > State > > > to exist undisturbed or they were "shuttled" to reservations, one > being > > > Fresno Indian Reservation, which came about on or around 1857. > Conditions > > > worsen at this reservation most ran away or died. Those in command > were > > > common thieves. Every Indian was hunted down and forced to the > Fresno > > > Indian Reservation. > > > > > > Those Indians under government control were counted in a census of > 1880, > > > reported to be 20,385, another count in 1890, 16,624 and the last > count of > > > 1900, 15,377. > > > C.E. Kelsey did a census of non-reservation Indians in California, > in > > > 1905-1906, 12,961+ > > > San Francisco, Santa Clara, and Solano counties had no Indian > settlements > > > reported and were omitted, however, numerous Indians lived there. > The final > > > findings in 1910 must have exceeded 20,000 and may even have reached > > > 25,000. > > > The government then in 1928 established a series of Rolls, which > intended > > > to include each and every California Indian and then revised once > again in > > > 1933. One should note that it was the Bureau of Indian Affairs > assembling > > > the census rolls and not the Bureau of Census. > > > I don't believe there was an official listing of Indians at Fresno > Indian > > > Reservation, however in looking at family applications you will find > that > > > some list the Fresno Indian Reservation as a previous reservation. I > think > > > the government would like to turn the other way regarding the Fresno > Indian > > > Reservation, a shambles to be sure. The rolls of 1928 contained the > age of > > > nearly every Indian who filed an application, 21,977, is about the > most > > > accurate of the times. > > > > > > I refer you to Handbook of NorthAmerican Indians, vol.8 for detailed > > > > information on census . > > > Also, The California Indians, R.F. Heizer is a good source but info > is > > > almost identical to Handbook. > > > One other book I have, The Conflict Between The California Indian > and White > > > Civilization, appears to list the Fresno Indian Reservation has the > Fresno > > > Indian Farm......I have to read further about that. Anyway there is > an > > > interesting chapter on The American Invasion 1848-1870, which > appears to > > > answer many questions regarding population and a Diary of a A.J. > Bledsoe, > > > Indian Wars of the Northwest (1885), is quite sad and graphic, an > account > > > of what happened at the Reservations. > > > > > > Sharon might have more for you...... > > > ==== CAMARIPO Mailing List ==== > If you have any good California History or Genealogy Links let us know! > >