This message from listmember Pat was sent to the wrong address- it was ment for this list in response to recent posts by Joan on the Fresno Reservation and the question regarding the 1860 Census.............. =================================================== Joan wrote: Sharon -- Were Indians included in the *1860* census and is that census available for Mariposa County? Also, have you ever come across any record or list of the Indians at the Fresno Reservation in the 1850s? Another question: Do you know of any way to find records or lists of Mariposa residents who served in the Civil War? Joan in San Jose >"Pat Brattland(Yet-choo-nook)" wrote: > > > Indians did not become citizens until 1924. The total Indian population was > > estimated by several people. By 1850 the California Indians were reduced to > > 100,000. > > Many Indians scattered fearing for their lives finding areas of the State > > to exist undisturbed or they were "shuttled" to reservations, one being > > Fresno Indian Reservation, which came about on or around 1857. Conditions > > worsen at this reservation most ran away or died. Those in command were > > common thieves. Every Indian was hunted down and forced to the Fresno > > Indian Reservation. > > > > Those Indians under government control were counted in a census of 1880, > > reported to be 20,385, another count in 1890, 16,624 and the last count of > > 1900, 15,377. > > C.E. Kelsey did a census of non-reservation Indians in California, in > > 1905-1906, 12,961+ > > San Francisco, Santa Clara, and Solano counties had no Indian settlements > > reported and were omitted, however, numerous Indians lived there. The final > > findings in 1910 must have exceeded 20,000 and may even have reached > 25,000. > > The government then in 1928 established a series of Rolls, which intended > > to include each and every California Indian and then revised once again in > > 1933. One should note that it was the Bureau of Indian Affairs assembling > > the census rolls and not the Bureau of Census. > > I don't believe there was an official listing of Indians at Fresno Indian > > Reservation, however in looking at family applications you will find that > > some list the Fresno Indian Reservation as a previous reservation. I think > > the government would like to turn the other way regarding the Fresno Indian > > Reservation, a shambles to be sure. The rolls of 1928 contained the age of > > nearly every Indian who filed an application, 21,977, is about the most > > accurate of the times. > > > > I refer you to Handbook of NorthAmerican Indians, vol.8 for detailed > > information on census . > > Also, The California Indians, R.F. Heizer is a good source but info is > > almost identical to Handbook. > > One other book I have, The Conflict Between The California Indian and White > > Civilization, appears to list the Fresno Indian Reservation has the Fresno > > Indian Farm......I have to read further about that. Anyway there is an > > interesting chapter on The American Invasion 1848-1870, which appears to > > answer many questions regarding population and a Diary of a A.J. Bledsoe, > > Indian Wars of the Northwest (1885), is quite sad and graphic, an account > > of what happened at the Reservations. > > > > Sharon might have more for you......

I had replied to Joan privately. Mariposa Indian residents are listed in the federal census beginning in 1880. Joan's North Star and Maria Lebrado appeared in the 1870 as wives with children but this was highly unusual. I have no listing for Fremont but I haven't tried to find one either so I'm sure Pat's answer is a lot more comprehensive. And as for a Civil War database...I believe rootsweb has a search engine...I'd try looking under "military" on their site. Sharon