Hi Cagle Cousins, For those of you who might be interested in further alternative explanations of the term " Black Dutch", I have been doing a little digging into other areas. The sub-diectory below is from a family website I located on Yahoo search engine. http://www.qni.com/~suni/blackdutch.htm There are many other links from this page, and some have a seemingly reasonable exploration of the term. I leave each to draw their own conclusions. It seems also likely that some of our "missing" ancestral links may be, in fact, hidden by historical rebuffs caused by these quirks of racism in record administration offices. Aparently "mixing" of the races and family records has only reccently became accepted in some areas. As Earl mentioned earlier, I will be unsubscribing shortly. I am facing a major upgrade of all my equipment, Harddrives, Browsers, and E-mail. This will take about two weeks. At that time I will re-subscribe. My regular e-mail will remain operative for the most part. I also have a www e-mail as doyle71@hotmail.com , I check it daily. In reading and evaluating the history of the " Black Dutch", keep in mind that recorded history is usually only the written perceptions of one observer of events. It has been my experience of many long years, that much actual written history is erroneous, due to mis-interpretation, or bias, of the recorder. Best wishes, a very happy holiday season, and a safe journey into the next century to all. Doyle Chambers Jun 32 Homepage: http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~doylech