Hi all: Bette Richards has made several posts to this list regarding the use of DNA testing to sort out family branches. The following web page has a very nice graphic of how one could use 'Y' chromosome DNA testing to determine the presence / absence of a genetic 'fit' http://www.griffingweb.com/using_dna_to_resolve_a_griffing_mystery.htm As it turns out, the two men who had the test done (cost appx $200 ea.) turned out to have an exact DNA fit. They are both descendants of the same common ancestor. Best regards H.A. Kippenhan, Jr.