Sending this message again for those who may want to read the research material concerning another possible (more likely than the Viking/Norman origin) origin of the Royal Bruce line and other great family names of Scotland. The below books may be out of print, so try an inter-library loan as I did and copy them. Good luck. - "Origins of Heraldry" (Beryl Platts; Procter Press, London; 1980) - "Scottish Hazard", vol.1 (Beryl Platts; Procter Press, London; 1985) - "Scottish Hazard", vol.2 (Beryl Platts; Procter Press, London; 1990) Read with an open mind to the fact that the Viking/Norman origins is bogus history and that the Flemish origin is more likely. Do not write me to flame or ask questions. Get the books and form your own opinion. Larry L.S. Bruce