Rowland, I, for one, greatly appreciate your posts. I did, unfortunately miss the post of 27 February 2001. Would you mind re-posting it to me at my e-mail address? >>As for the inter-relationship of the English and Scottish Bruce's it would seem my posting of 27 February 2001 has been missed by some, wherein I set out the descent of the eight successive Robert Bruces from the one who came with the Conqueror in 1066 to Robert I, King of the Scots, who was the hero of Bannockburn in 1314. << I am also descended "by tradition" from Red Comyn <g> Emphasis here on "by tradition" only, since the origins of my Cummings ancestors have not been traced back much further than Bocking, 1561, Copford, Easthorpe, and Mistley, Essex. Many TIA, Claudia Cridland, in snowy Massachusetts, U.S.A.