Brian, It might have been required to take out passports in country of origin - there is a site there to check that out (am I allowed to mention JewishGen), you might want to do a search there using CHAJKIELSON name on Soundex. Good luck Angie Israel  PS - Did I snip enough?   Searching: RAYKH-ZELIGMAN/RICHMAN, Stakliskes, Lithuania/Leeds COHEN, Sakiai, Lithuania/Leeds MAGIDOWITZ, Jurbarkas, Lithuania/Leeds KASSIMOFF, Rezekne, Latvia/Leeds ----- Original Message ---- From: "ENFJBri@aol.com" ENFJBri@aol.com Hello, Listers! I have reason to believe  that my wife's paternal grandfather, Jacob BARNETT (born Jankel Girsz  CHAJKIELSON), was naturalized circa 1928, but no proof.    Why else  would they need sworn affidavits in lieu of birth certificates?) Thanks  for any suggestions. Brian Neil Burg Fullerton, CA,  USA ENFJBri@aol.com