Merle--I would like to respond to your next to last paragraph regarding the Brethren during the Civil War period. What I have found regarding the Brethren in Missouri during this period differs from your statement that all the Brethren of the Civil War period were Annual Meeting Brethren. The majority of the early Brethren in Missouri prior to 1865 were tied to the Far Western Brethren under the leadership of George Wolfe and the Mill Creek Brethren near Liberty, Adams County, Illinois. It is also true that there were Brethren in Missouri at this time from mostly the southern states of Virginia, the Carolinas, Kentucky and Tennessee. Other Brethren had arrived here from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Thus, the Missouri Brethren were representative of many of the existing Brethren groups prior to the Civil War. The upheaval of war on the Western Front early in 1861 created a battleground involving all residents of Missouri whether they were Brethren or not. A number of Brethren left Missouri before the end of 1861 either because of death threats or loss of family members. Jane Davis. > Date: Wed, 2 Jul 2008 07:52:15 -0400> From: cliff@rtkonline.com> To: brethren@rootsweb.com> Subject: Re: [BRE] DAR/Anabaptists> > > >> > First, I highly recommend you read the book “Brethren in the New Nation”, by> > Sappington. Although this book does not deal with the Revolutionary War> > period, it does go into explicit detail regarding how the Brethren dealt> > with the draft during the Civil War. The attitudes toward pacifism shown in> > Sappington’s book during the Civil War would also have been the same in the> > Revolutionary War. The non-enroller listings for Frederick County, MD, and> > the non-associator listings for Lancaster County, support this view.> >> > > > Let me complicate the picture -> > I took the Conscientious Objector stand during the Korean War, but my > son went into the Marines - so I have some sympathy with both sides -> > In this research I've been doing on the Early Brethren in Kentucky - the > "Frontier Brethren" - one of the observations I am making was that these > Brethren held strongly to the Pietist origin of our church - and there > were differences. Dr Dale Brown, who taught the Pietism Course at > Bethany Seminary, made the point strong that we Brethren today do not > know what Pietism was. What he taught was the history of the beginnings > - and he admitted that there were no records, except for Ephrata (a > Radical Pietism), to show what it meant in the life of the individual > and the church.> > The Brethren Church of today comes out of the Brethren of eastern > Pennsylvania and Maryland (and slightly in Virginia, the Brethren had > only been in the Valley a couple years before the war started) who > survived the persecution of the Revolutionary period. Our stand was > based both on the Bible -the commandment - "Thou shalt not kill." (The > Hebrew word is "ratasch" - which means to kill a person -as opposed to > "sachat" -which means to kill an animal. - so to explain it as "no > murder" is incorrect!) and through our promise ("A Dunker's word is as > good as his bond!") of loyalty to the King. We appreciated the > opportunity the King gave, to permit us to live in this peaceful land, > after the devastations suffered in the Palatinate during the wars of > Europe. The Sons of Liberty, proponents of the Revolution, but not a > majority of the population, terrorized those who stood in opposition to > them. The Brethren, and Mennonites and Amish (fellow Anabaptists), were > persecuted - some severely. The church "withdrew" into community with > these others also suffering for their stand. Shall I say, we hid out > together.> > The early Brethren were nearly opposite. The Germantown Church (mother > church) was reported to pray and sing so loud, that it hurt your ears, > clear down the street (Durnbaugh). Many a Brethren home became a center > of evangelism to their neighbors. Pietism was concerned with a revival > of the individual, to bring them to a closer relationship to Jesus. > Creeds and practices hardly mattered. The original pietism spread > through all the churches of Germany. There were only two denominations > to directly result out of the movement, and the Brethren are one - and > even his mentor, Hochmann von Hochenau, was upset about what Alexander > Mack had done.> > As such, Dr Floyd Mallot, professor of Church History at Bethany > Seminary, used to ask - "What happened to the Brethren during the > Revolution? They Changed!" The change was from Pietism to Anabaptism - > from an open freedom to a type of legalism. The church Elders met in an > Annual Meeting, where they determined the direction of the Church, and > they enforced their decisions on the churches.> > This was not Pietism, this was Anabaptism - and the Brethren who had > migrated west (Brothers Valley, and Washington Co PA) and south (the > Carolinas), and some few who were in Kaintuck - were Pietist - they had > left before Annual Meeting developed and before the emphasis on > Anabaptism. As one migrant coming to Ohio on the new National Road (US > 40) -about 1826 asked: "What do we do about these 'Strange Brethren'?" > There was considerable difference between the Brethren, who were already > here, and these Annual Meeting Brethren who came later -and Annual > Meeting kicked all these early Brethren OUT (unless they changed -and > accepted the Annual Meeting decisions - see the records on the "Far > Western Brethren" and Elder George Wolfe Jr - George Wolfe accepted the > Annual Meeting way, many others did not!)> > The Frontier Brethren do not seem to have had the strong stand for > Pacifism that was true of the Annual Meeting Brethren. They did defend > themselves against the British and Indian invasions. Some of them > killed, others reloaded the guns for the fighters or tended injured or > fought fires from the fire arrows. It was as Daniel Boone (Quaker > origin) said (speaking of being a waggoner for General Braddock, at the > defeat at Pittsburg) -he killed the first of only three Indians that he > killed in his life. Many of the early Brethren in Kentucky were youth > who had fought in the Revolution (Capt Henry Rhoads -of Brothers Valley > - in Muhlenberg Co KY 1784). Some had even been expelled from their > family back home, because of the war, but they were still Brethren -and > carried the Brethren faith with them (but Pietism -and not the Anabaptism).> > Annual Meeting "expelled" (Frontier Brethren term) these early Brethren > about 1826. Elder Adam Hostetler and Elder Peter Hon were placed on the > Ban (the Brethren Encyclopedia calls them "the Hostetler Brethren", they > called themselves "the Brethren Association"). From what Historian > Abraham Cassel says, in numbers it may have been almost half the > denomination. The Brethren, in that time, practiced what they called: > "Unanimity" - we sought the guidance of the Holy Spirit in our > decisions, so there could be no decision until the whole body voted > unanimous. The Annual Meeting Brethren saw these Frontier Brethren as > not accepting the decisions of the Holy Spirit (but the Frontier > Brethren had not been present when the decisions were made, and seem to > have not even known about the question or the decision!) So they had to > change and accept the Annual Meeting decision - or leave.> > The Brethren of the Civil War period were All - Annual Meeting Brethren, > the Brethren of the Revolution were not.> > Be sure - there were other differences between the Pietist faith and > Anabaptism - we don't really know them all (someone needs to translate > the commentary of the Pietist Berleberg Bible -I'm sure it would tell us > things we don't know about Pietist beliefs - but it is HUGE - 8 volumes, > over 1000 pages each - 18th Century German)> > Merle C Rummel> > ------------------------> Search the Archives at http://archiver.rootsweb.com/th/index/BRETHREN> ------------------------> Support Our Sponsoring Agency> The Fellowship Of Brethren Genealogists (FOBG)> For further information contact Ron McAdams mailto:McAdamsr@hotmail.com> ------------------------> > -------------------------------> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to BRETHREN-request@rootsweb.com with the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body of the message _________________________________________________________________ Making the world a better place one message at a time. http://www.imtalkathon.com/?source=EML_WLH_Talkathon_BetterPlace