Charlie, As a descendant of one of the three lines that have 12-marker matches, I found this very helpful. You answered a lot of questions that have been floating around in my mind recently about these three lines. While I'm writing, let me ask a couple of other questions. First, you mentioned a while back that there is a match (or multiple matches?) with a test that was provided by a Bowles for, I believe, an American Indian project. Were you ever able to find that guy and ask if you could publish information on the match? Secondly, is there any value to having multiple tests from a single line? If we could get more people from the three lines that match on 12 markers, would that tell us anything more? Finally, is there a really good answer for someone who is concerned about "privacy issues" with regard to submitting a DNA sample. Not too long ago, I tried to get a cousin with one of my other ancestral surnames (not Bowles) to participate and he declined due to privacy issues. Should this be a legitimate concern or is this just paranoia? Thanks for being our DNA instructor. Brenda