<A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Ranch/6243/CreoleGumboPot.html"> Click here: Creole Gumbo Pot</A> May your Waters Run Gentle, With Love Care And Concern, Alece, Little Hawk,

<A HREF="http://www.alphacdc.com/treaty/mp_thrts.html">Click here: Midwest Treaty Network; map - Threats to Native Lands</A> May your Waters Run Gentle, With Love Care And Concern, Alece, Little Hawk,

<A HREF="http://www.alphacdc.com/treaty/noranda.html">Click here: Noranda and Billiton in bidding war for Rio Algom continues : Sept. 2000 ...</A> May your Waters Run Gentle, With Love Care And Concern, Alece, Little Hawk,

<A HREF="http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Cottage/5704/whiskey.html">Click here: Fagan's Grave - Rumors of Whiskey and Ghosts</A> May your Waters Run Gentle, With Love Care And Concern, Alece, Little Hawk,

<A HREF="http://www.whiteoak.org/learning/learning.htm">Click here: The Learning Centre</A> May your Waters Run Gentle, With Love Care And Concern, Alece, Little Hawk,

<A HREF="http://www.hudsonriver.com/gazette/indians.htm">Click here: Hudson Valley Indians</A> May your Waters Run Gentle, With Love Care And Concern, Alece, Little Hawk,

I have all the chat transcripts from last week up now--so be sure and look them over. http://huntsville.about.com/blrecords.htm Make sure your stop by and vote for the featured state NEXT week: the choices are Arkansas, Missouri, South Carolina, Louisiana, and Georgia. So far SC and MO are winning! http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville/messages?lgnF=y&msg=317.1 Don't miss out on Friday & Saturday's chats....and invite all your friends and relatives to join us! Friday's Chat Schedule: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm (subtract 1 hr. for Central Time, 2 hrs. for Mt.; 3 hours for Pacific Time) 8 pm Eastern--LAWSON surname 9 pm Eastern--WAR of 1812 history/genealogy 10-12 pm Eastern--NATIVE AMERICAN genealogy Saturday Chats: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm (subtract 1 hr. for Central Time, 2 hrs. for Mt.; 3 hours for Pacific Time) ALL DAY: Genealogy "Open House"--every state, any surname--come and see if you can find a match! 7 pm Eastern--NORTHERN STATES genealogy 8 pm Eastern--SOUTHERN STATES genealogy 9-11 pm Eastern--CIVIL WAR genealogy Stop by the forum and post your family's surnames--increased traffic this week! http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville If you'd like to help host a SURNAME or STATE chat for the month of October--please let me know and I'll send you instructions. If you would be willing to help assist in the chat room as a volunteer, let me know and I'll add you to the volunteer list and explain your duties. Thanks for helping us find our ancestors! If you need instructions for the chat room or forum, let me know. Jean Brandau huntsville2@home.com

Hi, Chatters: I have all the chat transcripts up now--so be sure and look them over. http://huntsville.about.com/blrecords.htm The TENNESSEE chat was a great success/turnout last night. I am adding a weekly TENNESSEE chat for Monday nights at 11 pm Eastern--mark your calendars! Make sure your stop by and vote for the featured state NEXT week: the choices are Arkansas, Missouri, South Carolina, Louisiana, and Georgia. So far SC and MO are winning! http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville/messages?lgnF=y&msg=317.1 Don't miss out on Friday & Saturday's chats....and invite all your friends and relatives to join us! Friday's Chat Schedule: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm (subtract 1 hr. for Central Time, 2 hrs. for Mt.; 3 hours for Pacific Time) 8 pm Eastern--LAWSON surname 9 pm Eastern--WAR of 1812 history/genealogy 10-12 pm Eastern--NATIVE AMERICAN genealogy Saturday Chats: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm (subtract 1 hr. for Central Time, 2 hrs. for Mt.; 3 hours for Pacific Time) ALL DAY: Genealogy "Open House"--every state, any surname--come and see if you can find a match! 7 pm Eastern--NORTHERN STATES genealogy 8 pm Eastern--SOUTHERN STATES genealogy 9-11 pm Eastern--CIVIL WAR genealogy Stop by the forum and post your family's surnames--increased traffic this week! http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville If you'd like to help host a SURNAME or STATE chat for the month of October--please let me know and I'll send you instructions. If you would be willing to help assist in the chat room as a volunteer, let me know and I'll add you to the volunteer list and explain your duties. Thanks for helping us find our ancestors! If you need instructions for the chat room or forum, let me know. Jean Brandau About Guide to Huntsville AL http://huntsville.about.com email: huntsville.guide@about.com forum: http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville chat: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm

Hi, Chatters: Be sure and stop by the forum before or after you head for the chat room. The Forum is great place to get your query permanently "out there" to a variety of people--make sure ALL your surnames are posted: http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville Also--make sure your stop by and vote for the featured state NEXT week: the choices are Arkansas, Missouri, South Carolina, Louisiana, and Georgia: http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville/messages?lgnF=y&msg=317.1 Thursday should be pretty busy in the chat room with the following chats on the schedule: Thursday's Chat Schedule: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm (subtract 1 hr. for Central; 2 hrs. for Mt.; 3 hours for Pacific time) 7 pm Eastern--RICHARDSON surname 8 pm Eastern--KENTUCKY genealogy (all counties) 9 pm Eastern--SOUTHERN STATES genealogy (all surnames in all Southern States) 10 pm Eastern--Featured State: TENNESSEE genealogy (one time only) All last week's chat transcripts (including last night's) are up now for vi ewing: http://huntsville.about.com/blrecords.htm If you know someone who missed the chat, please let them know. If you want to respond to something said in the chat, please post your query, question, or remarks in the forum. If you have friends or list mates who might be interested in any of these chats, please invite them! If anyone needs instructions for the chat or forum, just send me a note. Jean Brandau About Guide to Huntsville AL http://huntsville.about.com email: huntsville.guide@about.com forum: http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville chat: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm

Good evening everyone, I'd like to take this opportunity to announce a *new* column highlighting Melungeon historical curiosity, questions, opinions, and comments. It will aptly be called, "The Meaning of Melungeonness: A Place for Sharing Insight, Opinions, and Questions -- by Curtis Christy" The column will begin in the March 2001 < first quarter > issue of the Appalachian Quarterly < http://www.wisevahistoricalsoc.org/> . Please send your questions or comments to Dr. Christy at Melungeon_2000@excite.com Thank you, Patty Hopkins-Baldwin Melungeon Section Editor-AQ http://www.wisevahistoricalsoc.org/ mailto:nuleef@foothills.net

Hi, Chatters: Be sure and stop by the forum and cast your vote for next Thursday's (Oct. 5th) Featured State. There are five new states to choose from. Be sure and let me know what your desire is: http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville/messages?lgnF=y&msg=317.1 Join us this evening for some interesting genealogy digging: Wednesday's Schedule: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm 10-11 am Eastern--CIVIL WAR genealogy......... 1-3 pm Eastern--WESTERN/PACIFIC States genealogy..... 7--pm Eastern--NORTH CAROLINA genealogy 8 pm Eastern--CANADA genealogy....... 9-11 pm Eastern--MORGAN family genealogy..... Featured State on Thursday is........ TENNESSEE You can find an index of past chat transcripts here: http://huntsville.about.com/blrecords.htm Make sure the 400+ visitors to the forum daily see YOUR family tree listed: http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville If you need instructions for the chat room or forum, just let me know. Good luck on piecing together the branches of your family's tree. Jean Brandau About Guide to Huntsville AL http://huntsville.about.com email: huntsville.guide@about.com forum: http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville chat: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm

From: "LPDC" <lpdc@idir.net> Subject: URGENT PELTIER ACTION Date: Tue, 26 Sep 2000 19:44:37 -0500 URGENT ACTION: CONGRESSMAN HYDE MISUSING JUDICIARY COMMITTEE TO OPPOSE CLEMENCY FOR PELTIER According to the “Washington Times,” Congressman Henry Hyde, who actively opposes Leonard Peltier’s release, is now heading a House Judiciary Committee “investigation” on the case of Leonard Peltier. He will be forwarding the results to President Clinton. Leonard Peltier’s attorneys have not been contacted by the House Judiciary Committee and the Judiciary Committee has not reviewed anything other than FBI information to our knowledge. Furthermore, Congressman John Conyers, the ranking democrat of the House Judiciary Committee and a supporter of Leonard Peltier’s, has not even been informed about, or included in the so-called investigation. Clearly Congressman Hyde is abusing the power of the House Judiciary Committee by disguising his opinion as an unbiased “investigation” in an attempt to interfere with the clemency process. Therefore, urgent action is needed to oppose this move. For more information, read the “Washington Times” article below. Be warned, the article is wrought with irresponsible misinformation….not a surprise coming from this particular paper. URGENT ACTION #1: Call the House Judiciary Committee: 202-225-3951 WHAT TO SAY: 1. We want to know why Congressman Hyde is conducting a Judiciary Committee investigation on the case of Leonard Peltier without informing all of the other committee members, including the Ranking Democrat, John Conyers. 2. We also want to know why none of Mr. Peltier’s attorneys have been informed about this investigation. 3. We strongly oppose the conducting of an investigation whose pre-determined goal is to oppose clemency for Leonard Peltier, rather than allow all sides of the situation to be heard fairly and equally. 4. Amnesty International, the Kennedy Memorial Center for Human Rights, several members of Congress, and millions of US citizens have looked into the case of Leonard Peltier and determined that he should be immediately released. We suggest the Judiciary Committee thoroughly examine our reasons, including the utilization of falsified evidence, the withholding of exculpatory evidence, and the coercing of witnesses in gaining Mr. Peltier’s conviction. Equally important, the US Attorney has admitted on several occasions that he cannot prove who shot the agents. Documentation to all of these claims is ample, and can be provided to the Judiciary Committee by Mr. Peltier’s attorneys. URGENT ACTION #2: Call Congressman John Conyers John Conyers 202-225-5126 WHAT TO SAY: 1. According to the “Washington Times” Congressman Henry Hyde has initiated a Judiciary Committee investigation into the case of Leonard Peltier. 2. Leonard Peltier is considered by Amnesty International to be a political prisoner who should be “immediately and unconditionally” released. Literally no evidence exists as to his guilt. 3. Congressman Conyers has long raised questions as to the fairness of Mr. Peltier’s trial and we are upset that he has not been included in the investigation. 4. Congressman Hyde openly opposes Leonard Peltier’s release through Executive Clemency, and has initiated the so-called investigation for this reason only. 5. We are calling to urge Congressman Conyers to intervene in the investigation by voicing his concern with the many improprieties involved in the conviction of Leonard Peltier, as he has rightly done many times in the past. 6. We strongly oppose any investigation that will not be inclusive to our many concerns about the Peltier case including the utilization of falsified evidence, the withholding of exculpatory evidence, and the coercing of witnesses to gain a conviction. Any investigation that fails to do so would be unfair, deceptive, and an unjust interference of the clemency process. ARTICLE: Clemency review worries House Judiciary chairman Hyde says inquiry on Peltier blocked by administration By Jerry Seper, The Washington Times The chairman of the House committee yesterday accused the Clinton administration of blocking efforts to find out the status of a pending clemency review for Leonard Peltier, the American Indian activist convicted of murdering two FBI agents in a 1975 shootout. Rep. Henry J. Hyde, chairman of the House Judiciary Committee, sad he is “concerned about the possibility” of clemency for Peltier, now serving two life terms at the federal prison in Leavenworth, Kan., in the murders of Agents Jack R. Coler and Ronald A. Williams. “When I learned the Department of Justice was actively reviewing this case, I wrote to Attorney General Janet Reno twice requesting information relating to the clemency review,” Mr. Hyde said in a statement. “in response, DOJ refused to provide answers to my inquiry on the ground that clemency and pardon matters are subject to executive privilege,” the Illinois Republican said. “I am concerned about the silence from DOJ and the White House on this matter. This should be an easy decision – Leonard Peltier should serve his complete sentence and should not receive clemency.” Mr. Hyde has begun a committee investigation into the matter. He also sent a dozen letters yesterday to law enforcement associations nationwide, outlining the case against Peltier and describing his concerns about a possible clemency order. The clemency petition is under review by the Justice Department, which will make a recommendation to President Clinton in the case. The department has refused to hand over documents to Mr. Hyde concerning the review, saying Congress “has no authority whatsoever to review a president’s clemency decision.” Justice Department officials have confirmed the review is ongoing, but have declined to elaborate. Peltier, 55, filed a petion for clemency in November 1993, his third such request. President Reagan rejected a similar petition in 1982, and a 1989 request was administratively closed by President Bush. The Supreme Court has twice denied without comment Peltier’s appeals of his conviction. Eligible for parole in 2008, he was convicted in the June 26, 1975 murders of Mr. Coler, 28, and Mr. Williams, 27, and sentenced June 2, 1977, in Fargo, N.D. His conviction came after he fled to Canada and was extradited to the United States. The killings occurred at South Dakota’s Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, near Wounded Knee, when Peltier’ van was stopped by the agents looking for a suspect in a kidnapping and assault. According to court records, Peltier was himself a fugitive and thought he was about to be arrested. The records show Peltier fled the van with two others and began shooting at the agents with semi automatic rifles. Mr. Coler and Mr. Williams were wounded immediately. Crime-scene experts said the agents fired only five shots before being hit, compared with more than 125 bullet holes found in their car. Prosecutors said Peltier and two other men approached the wounded agents and fired three shots at point-blank range, hitting Mr. Williams in the face as he knelt and Mr. Colder who was still unconscious. twice in the head. Law enforcement authorities from throughout the country have united in a letter-writing effort to prevent Peltier’s release – led by the 9,500-member FBI Agents Association and by agents at the bureau’s 56 offices nationwide. The association, in a recent letter to Mr. Clinton, described Peltier as a "murderer with no respect or regard for human life.” It told Mr. Clinton there was “no justification” for a grant of clemency, calling Peltier “a vicious, violent and cowardly criminal who hides be hind the Native American Community.” FBI Director Louis J. Freeh also has opposed clemency, saying Peltier's guilt “has been firmly established.” Mr. Freeh has said the agents were killed with rifle bullets at close range after they had been wounded in a gunfight. “The FBI cannot forget this cold-blooded crime nor should the American people,” Mr. Freeh said in a statement. Efforts by the Leonard Peltier Defense Committee for a clemency grant by Mr. Clinton have drawn noticeable support from the Hollywood community, which contends – but has offered no proof – the FBI withheld or planted evidence and coerced witnesses to win Peltier’s conviction. That effort has been led by Willie Nelson, Kris Kristofferson, Robin Williams and Robert Redford. The defense committee has said it received positive reaction from both Mr. Clinton and Vice President Al Gore. Call the White House Comments Line Today Demand Justice for Leonard Peltier! 202-456-1111 Be in New York City December 10th Peltier March For Freedom! Leonard Peltier Defense Committee PO Box 583 Lawrence, KS 66044 785-842-5774 www.freepeltier.org

[source: NativeNews; Tue, 26 Sep 2000 23:54:07 -0400] <<<<CAMP JUSTICE NEWS RELEASE 09-26-00>>>> **Please send this news release far and wide, especially to media sources <<<this is REALLY important>>> From: Camp Justice, Organizers, Leaders and Supporters of: "Camp Justice" and the "March for Justice" to White Clay, Nebraska Date: September 26, 2000 Contact: Spokespersons: Tom Poor Bear, Loren Black Elk, Webster Poor Bear, Tom Clifford Phones: 605-462-6302, 605-867-2244 or 605-867-2269 Fax: 605-462-6518 or 605-867-2609 Address: Camp Justice, c/o Tom Poor Bear, P.O. Box 823, Pine Ridge SD 57770 FOR IMMEDIATE NEWS RELEASE 09-26-2000 __________________________________________ Camp Justice Warriors for Justice face charges on Friday, September 29th at 1:00pm They need Your Support NOW more than ever Six Camp Justice warriors for justice who are charged with failure to comply with a lawful order and obstruction of Justice by crossing into White Clay, Nebraska on July 3, 1999 to protest against unsolved murders, liquor sales and to reclaim White Clay are scheduled to appear again before Judge Charles Plantz in Sheridan County Court in Rushville, Nebraska on September 29th at 1:00pm Warriors for Justice still standing Strong are: former Oglala Sioux Tribal President John Steele, 52, Manderson, S.D.;. Webster Poor Bear, 49, Wanblee, S.D; Frank LaMere, 49, South Sioux City; Tom Poor Bear, 44, Wanblee, S.D.; and Benedict "Bennie" Black Elk, 36; Gary Moore, 36, Pine Ridge. They plan on asking the court to dismiss both charges and will argue that the order given was NOT a lawful order and should not been given. They intend to argue against court order and do not recognize the obstruction of justice order for many reasons, one being the fact that the officials along with our leaders were present and in consent of the planing of the March. An "intimidation order" is what it was. Camp Justice organizers ask supporters to attend or show support by faxing letters of support to Camp Justice at 605-462-6518 and to local media in their area. We need help with funding for our attorney, Jerry Matthews who has been working on behalf of Camp Justice from the beginning and has not charged us for legal services or profit. Thanks to help form our supporters we were able to give him a little bit of money, please send more for him if you can. Camp Justice is being prepared for the winter and we still need donations and supplies to help feed visitors, maintain the camp, buy calling cards, for transportation and to continue the occupation. We ask all supporters to send prayers and good thoughts for the Spirit of Darrell "Binky" Steele who recently passed. He and his family have been strong supporters of Camp Justice. Also, please continue to pray for Camp Justice organizer Faye Cedar Face & Charles Poor Bear who are struggling to heal from their surgeries. We all send special Birthday greetings to Harvey Arden, who advocates non-stop on the front lines for the Leonard Peltier Defense Committee (LPDC). Please show your support for Leonard's December Clemency now! Please visit the web sites below, send petitions, call or write the LPDC and your elected officials TODAY! Leonard Peltier Defense Committee (LPDC) PO Box 583 Lawrence, KS 66044 785-842-5774 www.freepeltier.org Clemency for Leonard Peltier. Sign the Petition. http://petitiononline.com/Clemency/petition.html Camp Justice and the weekly Walks for Justice to White Clay were established shortly after Wally Black Elk & Ron Hard Heart were brutally beaten, mutilated and found dead near the Nebraska/South Dakota border on June 8, 1999. They were last seen about 10:30 on June 6th walking from White Clay back to Pine Ridge. The reward for information leading to an arrest of the murderer(s) of Wally and Ron has been increased to $40,000. We are trying to get the reward increased to $50,000. Officials, including Attorney General Janet Reno and the FBI, will not release information in regards to the investigation. Camp Justice goals are to keep the pressure on local, state and federal law enforcement to solve the murders of Wally and Ron, to maintain a physical and spiritual presence at Camp Justice to ensure that no other beatings or murders occur, create a public awareness campaign within our tribe, the state, and on a national level regarding the issues of the disparity of justice that exists for our Lakota people, the criminal activity that is occurring in White Clay; i.e. underage drinking, prostitution, assaults, deaths from drunk driving, thefts, and murders, and to reclaim White Clay which clearly belongs to the Oglala Oyate by treaty. Camp Justice strives to work in a good way with the media and human and civil rights volunteers and organizations. Members of Camp Justice are continuing to assist with security and support to help protect the Sacred Cannupa and the Grass Roots elders, families and visitors occupying the Red Cloud Tribal Building to address issues of much corruption in Pine Ridge and throughout the homelands. Camp Justice will continue to stand United and Strong in our efforts to obtain the Justice and Accountability our nation deserves and expects. In the Spirit of Human & Civil Justice, Camp Justice Tom Poor Bear, Written and Presented on behalf of: Camp Justice Organizers, Volunteers and millions of Supporters protecting the Lakota Nation. Camp Justice & March for Justice Lakota Oyate Organizers: Spokespersons: Tom Poor Bear, Loren Black Elk, Webster Poor Bear, Tom Clifford Elder Spokespersons: Chief Oliver Red Cloud, Johnson Holy Rock, Ben Black Elk, Wayne Black Elk, Reggie & Faye Cedar Face, Ede Sherman, Dave Clifford, Jun Little, Alberta Black Bear, Chaz Little Bear, Moses Thunder Hawk, Lloyd Fire Thunder, Billy & Rose Beane, Robin Mesteth, Tony Brave, Lyman Red Cloud, Guy George Janis, Tuck LeBeau, Steve Little Sky, Vicky Thunder Hawk, Gary Moore, Sandra Matchen. Legal Advisors: Jerry Matthews, NSBA, 155517, Abourezk Law Firm, Native American Rights Fund Send Letters of Support, Donations and Supplies to: Camp Justice c/o Tom Poor Bear P.O. Box 823 Pine Ridge, SD 57770 Camp Justice c/o Fay Cedar Face (packages) 200 Eastridge Rd Pine Ridge, SD 57770 Web sites posting Camp Justice current updates: add your web site here: http://ishgooda.nativeweb.org/oglala/cj0.htm http://councilfire.com/campjustice.html [In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. section 107, this material is distributed without profit or payment to those who have expressed a prior interest in receiving this information for non-profit research and educational purposes only.]

Hi, Chatters: Don't forget to take advantage of the exposure you can get from the forum for your genealogy research. I hope your surnames are posted for all the forum visitors to see. Also, remember that the last 5 posts are ALWAYS shown on the articles on my website & the chat page that you log in on........so check them out and post often so yours will be showing. Pick a good SUBJECT for your post so people can see from the heading what surnames you are researching and that info will appear from a number of different promotional sites. (list your particular surname.....not just "my surnames" which doesn't tell a whole lot!) http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville Wednesday's Schedule: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm 10-11 am Eastern--CIVIL WAR genealogy......... 1-3 pm Eastern--WESTERN/PACIFIC States genealogy..... 7--pm Eastern--NORTH CAROLINA genealogy 8 pm Eastern--CANADA genealogy....... 9-11 pm Eastern--MORGAN family genealogy..... Featured State on Thursday is........ TENNESSEE Thursday's Chat Schedule: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm 10-11 am Eastern--All states WEST of the MISSISSIPPI RIVER 1-3 pm Eastern--SOUTHERN STATES genealogy 7 pm Eastern--RICHARDSON surname 8 pm Eastern--KENTUCKY genealogy 9 pm Eastern--SOUTHERN STATES genealogy 10 pm Eastern--Featured State: TENNESSEE genealogy (one time only) Join us for one or all! Spread the word to your genealogy friend. If you can't make the chats, be sure and stop by the forum, any time, and post your surname queries and your research questions: http://about.delphi.com/ab-huntsville Be sure and stop my the chat transcript index page and read some of our past chats: http://huntsville.about.com/blrecords.htm If you have a message or comment about the chats, post your queries or answers in the forum so people can find them! If you need instructions for the chat room or the forum, just let me know. See you soon! If you know someone who wants on the chat mailing list, have them send me an email. Jean Brandau About Guide to Huntsville AL http://huntsville.about.com email: huntsville.guide@about.com forum: http://forums.about.com/ab-huntsville chat: http://huntsville.about.com/mpchat.htm

<A HREF="http://www.whiteoak.org/learning/songs.htm">Click here: Songs of The Fur Trade</A> May your Waters Run Gentle, With Love Care And Concern, Alece, Little Hawk,

<A HREF="http://www.joshuachamberlain.com/dirigo/station.html">Click here: JH House</A> May your Waters Run Gentle, With Love Care And Concern, Alece, Little Hawk,

<A HREF="http://www.joshuachamberlain.com/dirigo/murra.html">Click here: Maine Underground Railroad Home Page</A> Maine Underground Railroad Page MURRA for short, describes the people and places of the Underground Railroad. Includes a list of books to read available in some libraries, and a map of old Maine. http://www.joshuachamberlain.com/dirigo/murra.html <A HREF="http://education.ucdavis.edu/NEW/STC/lesson/socstud/railroad/contents.ht m">Click here: The Underground Railroad Site - Table of Contents</A> For the many African Americans who lived in the Slave States prior to and during the American Civil War, the Underground Railroad provided them the opportunity and assistance for escaping slavery and finding freedom. One of the most curious characteristics of the Underground Railroad was its lack of formal organization. http://education.ucdavis.edu/NEW/STC/lesson/socstud/rai... <A HREF="http://www.smithsonianmag.si.edu/smithsonian/issues96/oct96/undergroundr r.html">Click here: A bittersweet journey on the Underground Railroad</A> When historian Anthony Cohen set out to retrace a route along the legendary Underground Railroad, he recovered a piece of the American past. http://www.smithsonianmag.si.edu/smithsonian/issues96/o... <A HREF="http://www.nps.gov/undergroundrr/contents.htm">Click here: Underground Railroad: Special Resource Study</A> The Underground Railroad was neither "underground" nor a "railroad," but was a loose network of aid and assistance to fugitives from bondage. Perhaps as many as one hundred thousand enslaved persons may have escaped in the years between the American Revolution and the Civil War. http://www.nps.gov/undergroundrr/contents.htm <A HREF="http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/ugrr/home.html">Click here: hortoc</A> While the stringent laws of The Fugitive Slave Act were being enforced and the institution of slavery continued unabated, many abolitionists assisted escaped slaves regardless of the consequences. These abolitionists, who were primarily composed of Quakers, ex-slaves and other liberal thinking citizens, helped establish what was known as the Underground Railroad. http://www.history.rochester.edu/class/ugrr/home.html <A HREF="http://www.civilwar.com/linksrr.htm">Click here: Civil War Links - Underground Railroad</A> Some 50,000 North Carolinians left the state and moved to Ohio or Indiana in protest to slavery during the thirty years before the Civil War is not widely known. As the frustration with more restrictive and harsh laws over slaves and slave owning were passed, some Quakers, like Levi Coffin, began to illegally assist escaping slaves to flee the state. http://www.civilwar.com/linksrr.htm <A HREF="http://www.murphyorchards.com/ur.html">Click here: Underground Railroad</A> Niagara County, New York, was extremely active in the organized effort to guide and help escaping slaves out of the United States and into the protective boundaries of Canada. http://www.murphyorchards.com/ur.html <A HREF="http://www.ugrr.org/web.htm">Click here: Selected Underground Railroad Resources</A> A list of resources on the Internet that provide historical and cultural information about slavery and the struggle against it. http://www.ugrr.org/web.htm <A HREF="http://www.ugrr.org/names/map-wi.htm">Click here: Wisconsin</A> A list of underground railroad operators in Wisconsin. http://www.ugrr.org/names/map-wi.htm <A HREF="http://www.gazetteonline.com/history/civ005.htm">Click here: Lots of traffic on Underground Railroad</A> Abolitionist John Brown frequently used Iowa stops to and from skirmishes in Missouri and Kansas. He spent the entire winter of 1857-58 at a tavern in West Branch and trained nine men at Tabor prior to the Harpers Ferry raid in October 1859. http://www.gazetteonline.com/history/civ005.htm <A HREF="http://www.niica.on.ca/csonan/UnderRailway.htm">Click here: Canadian Series Of North American Negroes -CSONAN</A> The Underground Railroad was perhaps the most dramatic protest action against slavery in United States history. The operations of clandestine escape networks began in the 1500s, and was later connected with organized abolitionist activity of the 1800s. http://www.niica.on.ca/csonan/UnderRailway.htm <A HREF="http://www.ugrrf.org/">Click here: Underground Railroad Museum</A> Displays collections of publications and memorabilia. http://www.ugrrf.org <A HREF="http://education.ucdavis.edu/new/stc/lesson/socstud/railroad/Frances.htm ">Click here: The Underground Railroad Site - "To the Union Savers of Cleveland"</A> http://education.ucdavis.edu/new/stc/lesson/socstud/rai... <A HREF="http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/99/railroad/randl.html"> Click here: The Underground Railroad @ nationalgeographic.com</A> Links to various resources and links. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/99/railroad/... <A HREF="http://search.aol.com/redirect.adp?appname=QBP&query=%c7%eb%4a%c3%8f%55% 0b%d5%e1%08%1b%a5%a2%76%45%b3%fa%b4%d5%6b%b1%75%94%56%01%6e%c6%d0%a4%5f%e7%3d% 32%f0%0b%45%19%2f%6a%ae%36%7e%d0%f0%b6%18%af%8a%8a%eb%d5%bc%e8%40%fb%91%2d%f1% 38%f0%ee%d5%59%3b%91%2e%b7%e7%6c%64%fa%c8%9d%aa%4b%6e%af%ea%d4%df%aa%d1%08%51% 60%e1%ac%96%9f%79%1f%95%40%14%e5%f5%1e%b6%5a%52%53%f9%6c%35%c2%8e%53%e2%9e%1b% 2c%4d%15%12%16%d8%19%13%4c%1d%ab%b5%ff%6c%3e%74%47%c2">Click here: The Underground Railroad @ nationalgeographic.com</A> This site allows you to go on the journey to the North from a slave's point of view and follow their path as they try to escape from their southern bondage. You can "visit safe houses which Harriet Tubman actually used" and see pictures. There are maps of her actual routes and information describing how she traveled them. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/features/99/railroad <A HREF="http://search.aol.com/redirect.adp?appname=QBP&query=%c7%eb%4a%c3%8f%55% 0b%d5%e1%08%1b%a5%a2%76%45%b3%fa%b4%d5%6b%b1%75%94%56%01%6e%c6%d0%a4%5f%e7%3d% 85%54%da%46%3a%d6%3c%c4%3e%a5%71%a1%e8%99%7a%24%6a%c5%72%80%38%2f%77%63%08%70% 2f%9d%ca%c0%27%31%98%3c%18%19%7a%52%cd%ae%74%c7%f3%d1%63%be%b7%59%f0%9b%aa%09% da%2e%df%8f%03%a5%0f%4e%4b%c4%d8%d2%54%57%95%4a%f7%73%b1%52%eb%fa%c4%e3%d2%f6% 52%9d%63%8a%31%7f%95%21%c3%bc">Click here: History Channel</A> Explore one of the most harrowing and inspiring chapters in American history. In this special feature, you'll find the story of the railroad and unique profiles of the Black Americans who made the railroad run. http://www.historychannel.com/Undergroundrailroad <A HREF="http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/index.htm">Click here: National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service</A> ] Many sites are listed here. <A HREF="http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/RAILROAD.html">Click here: RAILROAD</A> The Underground Railroad was a secret pathway organized by abolitionists--many of them free blacks and Quakers. Its purpose was to help runaway slaves escape to freedom in the North or in Canada. http://www.germantown.k12.il.us/html/RAILROAD.html <A HREF="http://exchange.co-nect.net/Teleprojects/project/Railroad">Click here: Underground Railroad</A> A virtual journey on the Underground Railroad for students in grades 4 - 10. Using realtime data on the Web, students keep journals where they respond to problems that they encounter along the way. Students also have an opportunity to participate in contemporary ethical discussions on topics related to slavery. http://exchange.co-nect.net/Teleprojects/project/Railro... <A HREF="http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/hrb_seo.htm">Click here: HENRY ROBERT BURKE'S SOUTHEASTERN OHIO</A> A comprehensive account of the history of the Underground Railroad. http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/hrb_seo.htm <A HREF="http://www.waynet.wayne.in.us/nonprofit/coffin.htm">Click here: Levi Coffin House - the "Grand Central Station" of the Underground Railroad </A> Known as the Grand Central Station of the Underground Railroad. A designated national historic site. http://www.waynet.wayne.in.us/nonprofit/coffin.htm <A HREF="http://www.stjamesamec.org/railroadintro.html">Click here: St. James AME Church</A> The Underground Railroad began when friends along the way helped the first fugitive slave. Find out more about the historical significance of this church's involvement. http://www.stjamesamec.org/railroadintro.html <A HREF="http://www.johnhossack.com/">Click here: JOHN HOSSACK, ABOLITIONIST </A> History and genealogy of John Hossack, Abolitionist, of Ottawa, Illinois. He was canal builder on the I&M, Illinois and Michigan Canal, a Lumber and Grain Merchant, and a conductor on the underground railroad. http://www.johnhossack.com <A HREF="http://www.sos.state.mi.us/history/museum/explore/museums/hismus/prehist /civilwar/undergro.html">Click here: The Civil War Gallery, Michigan Historical Museum</A> Before the war many Michigan citizens helped slaves escape from the South, via the Underground Railroad, a secret, often informal, organization of safe hiding places and people willing to provide transportation between them. http://www.sos.state.mi.us/history/museum/explore/museu... <A HREF="http://www.findlayoh.com/online/findlay/history1.htm">Click here: Findlay-Hancock Online (Ohio): History</A> History of Hancock County and Findlay including information about local involvement in the underground railroad. http://www.findlayoh.com/online/findlay/history1.htm <A HREF="http://www.camalott.com/~rssmith/Moses.html">Click here: http://www.camalott.com/~rssmith/Moses.html</A> Discusses Tubman's role as a "conductor" on the Underground Railroad and tells several stories related to her experience. http://www.camalott.com/~rssmith/Moses.html <A HREF="http://www.rialto.k12.ca.us/frisbie/cativo/tubman.html">Click here: Harriet Tubman</A> Short biography and sizable collection of links related to the Underground Railroad pioneer. http://www.rialto.k12.ca.us/frisbie/cativo/tubman.html <A HREF="http://www.ciaccess.com/~jdnewby/conferen.htm">Click here: The Buxton National Historic Site</A> The Buxton Historic Site & Museum hosts the 2nd Annual U.S./Canadian Underground Railroad History and Genealogy Conference September 3, 1999 B.M.E. Church, North Buxton, Ontario http://www.ciaccess.com/~jdnewby/conferen.htm <A HREF="http://search.aol.com/redirect.adp?appname=QBP&query=%c7%eb%4a%c3%8f%55% 0b%d5%e1%08%1b%a5%a2%76%45%b3%fa%b4%d5%6b%b1%75%94%56%48%b4%93%00%ce%4a%58%4c% db%1a%bc%6a%92%28%88%26%46%bd%e3%4b%81%61%1c%61%b0%1b%5c%3e%15%f5%29%1e%e8%69% a0%b0%5e%0d%80%e0%f6%1d%d7%ff%52%3a%42%28%fe%5d%f3%39%8b%46%32%53%92%2d%9d%cf% 24%9a%c1%cc%2e%50%c4%a2%0c%55%93%43">Click here: Milton House National Historic Landmark</A> A stop on the Underground Railroad. http://www.miltonhouse.org <A HREF="http://www.criticalfusion.org/">Click here: Hughes High School=====The Underground Railroad</A> A look at Cincinnati's pivotal role in the Underground Railroad. http://www.criticalfusion.org <A HREF="http://www.city.chatham-kent.on.ca/tourism/achtour.htm">Click here: African-Canadian Heritage Tour</A> The Road to Freedom. A heritage Tour that takes you along the "Underground Railroad" to relive the plight of those who sought freedom under the North Star. http://www.city.chatham-kent.on.ca/tourism/achtour.htm <A HREF="http://www.state.de.us/facts/history/woodburn.htm">Click here: Delaware's Governors Home - Woodburn</A> The home of Delaware's Governor. This home, built in 1790-91 by Charles Hillyard, is one of the finest Middle Period Georgian houses in Delaware. http://www.state.de.us/facts/history/woodburn.htm <A HREF="http://www.ushistory.org/tour/tour_bethel.htm">Click here: Mother Bethel A.M.E. Church</A> Substantial historical article on the founding of the African Methodist Episcopal Church and its "mother church" in Philadelphia. http://www.ushistory.org/tour/_bethel.html <A HREF="http://www.bbdirectory.com/Inn/1504.html">Click here: Pheasant Field Bed and Breakfast Carlisle PA</A> A homey, old, red brick farmhouse set in the quiet rolling hills of South-Central Pennsylvania, this 200 year old federal home was once a stop on the underground railroad. http://www.bbdirectory.com/Inn/1504.html <A HREF="http://www.stjamesamec.org/">Click here: St. James AME Church</A> Information on our church and its members, and our historical information on the Underground Railroad. http://www.stjamesamec.org <A HREF="http://www.fassittmansion.com/">Click here: website1</A> Situated in the heart of Amish Country and invites you to experience the history and elegance of an 1845 country mansion, once a "safe-house" on the Underground Railroad. The property was a frequent stop for weary travelers since it is located half way between Philadelphia and Harrisburg. http://www.fassittmansion.com <A HREF="http://www.ciaccess.com/~jdnewby/abraham.htm">Click here: Abraham Shadd</A> Prominent historical figure whose acomplishments include, conductor on the Underground Railroad at his homes (stations) in both Delaware and Pennsylvania; In 1833, elected President of the National Convention for the Improvement of Free People of Colour and in the same year, active participant in the founding of the American Anti Slavery Society. http://www.ciaccess.com/~jdnewby/abraham.htm <A HREF="http://www.springdalecountryinn.com/">Click here: Springdale Country Inn</A> What was first a Quaker boarding school for girls, and later a Civil War hospital as well as a stop on the Underground Railroad. Now restored with period wallcoverings, authentic antiques, lush grounds and rock gardens. http://www.springdalecountryinn.com Bright Star

<A HREF="http://www.coins.nd.edu/ColCoin/ColCoinIntros/Netherlands.html"> Click here: A Brief Outline of Dutch History and the New Netherland Colony</A> May your Waters Run Gentle, With Love Care And Concern, Alece, Little Hawk,

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