I need a good "Black Dutch" Site for the following website I am developing. http://Kathleen_Burnett.homestead.com/NativeAmerican.html Any suggestions?? Kathleen Burnett Great Granddaughter of Frances Rosetta Broom, "Black Dutch"

<A HREF="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbkbib:@FIELD([email protected](+ Indians+of+North+America++California.+))">Click here: Search Results</A> May Your Waters Run Gentle. Little Hawk.

Not to the Kiowa....It is celebrated religiously. Also the Kiowa Sundance differs in that there is no self torture or mutilation required. As an adopted Kiowa, hehehehe yep someone adopted me.....lol.. I am planning to the Kiowa Sundance next year. Mike

<A HREF="http://search.aol.com/redirect.adp?appname=QBP&query=%5b%37%cc%6e%af%1e% ec%56%41%44%de%f2%c4%8b%d5%87%f6%ca%2a%7b%3b%d7%b5%24%cb%ee%00%9e%a4%ca%92%da% 3f%ba%c0%c8%0c%89%29%26%d7%da%40%32%61%0f%05%e1%fb%0e%0f%a3%6a%ce%61%d4%3e%35% da%c9%44%9f%86%69%1d%6d%b5%27%7f%78%8c%1a%8c%ba%43%a6%11%28%d6%0b%72%53%0a%d7% a9%0d%72%06%40%8b%8e%78%fb%5f%7c%1c%39%3a%a1%2c%3a%e2%bd%4c%0c%a0%ac%bd%5c%61% ac%cf">Click here: Prejudice, The Authoritarian Personality - Psychological Self-Help</A> Prejudice-The Authoritarian Personality Shows evidence of how prejudice is learned and unlearned. http://mentalhelp.net/psyhelp/chap7/chap7l.htm Bright Star

In a message dated 7/4/00 10:06:28 PM Eastern Daylight Time, [email protected] writes: << Black Dutch List represent. Those that responded represent the people of the Cherokee, Choctaw, Kiowa, Creek, and Mohawk. Any others? >> Hi Diana, My gggg-grandmother was Lenape Indian and she married my Dutch gggg-grandfather. Bright Star

Just thought you would like to know that 10 people responded to my little survey of what tribes our Black Dutch List represent. Those that responded represent the people of the Cherokee, Choctaw, Kiowa, Creek, and Mohawk. Any others? Diana

sun dance A summer ceremony among the indigenous peoples of the Plains (see North America, Indigenous Peoples Of), consisting of usually eight days of ritual smoking, fasting, and penance through self-torture. The rites were discouraged by missionaries and the U.S. government to such an extent that they are now almost forgotten and their true meaning has been lost. Bright Star

North America, indigenous peoples of. This article deals with the peoples who inhabited North America before the arrival of the Europeans. Now often called Native Americans, they have long been called Indians because it was initially believed that Columbus had reached the East Indies. Migrating in waves from Asia (see Americas, Prehistory Of The), these peoples spoke widely varying Native American Languages, but all had straight black hair, dark eyes, and yellow- to red-brown skin. In 1492 they numbered 1 to 2 million N of Mexico, in six major cultural areas: Northwest Coast, Plains, Plateau, Eastern Woodlands, Northern, and Southwest. Peoples of the Northwest Coast (e.g., Kwakiutl, Haida, Modoc, Tsimshian) lived along the Pacific from S Alaska to N California and spoke Nadene, Wakashan, and Tsimshian languages. They subsisted chiefly on salmon, sea and land mammals, and wild fruits, and built wooden houses and boats. Their arts included weaving, basketry, masks, and Totem poles. Their generally stratified societies, whose ceremonial displays of wealth included the Potlatch, were not affected by whites until the late 18th cent. Plains peoples lived in the grasslands from the Mississippi R. to the Rocky Mts. and from S Canada to Texas, speaking mainly Algonquian-Wakashan, Aztec-Tanoan, and Hokan-Siouan languages. Sedentary tribes (e.g., Omaha, Mandan, Pawnee) farmed the river valleys and lived in walled villages of domed earth lodges. The nomadic tribes (e.g., Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Comanche) hunted buffalo-on foot until they acquired horses in the 18th cent.-for food, clothing, and Tepees. Their culture was characterized by warrior clans, the coup (a war honor awarded for striking an enemy with conspicuous bravery), the Sun Dance, and bead-and-feather artwork. A mutually intelligible sign language developed among the nomadic Plains tribes, who were the last to submit to white encroachments. Peoples of the Plateau (e.g., Kootenai, Nez Percé, Paiute), from S Canada to California and the Southwest, were diverse in language and culture. Sedentary California Native Americans, living in brush shelters or lean-tos, gathered edible plants, made acorn bread, and hunted small game. Their basketry was highly developed. The harsh environment between the Cascades and the Rockies demanded a simple social, religious, and political life; Native Americans there lived in partly buried lodges and hunted small game, fished with nets and spears, and gathered insects. The adoption (c.1730) from the Plains tribes of the horse and tepee changed the plateau culture markedly. In the Eastern Woodlands, Algonquian-Wakashan and Hokan-Siouan speakers predominated. Peoples from the Atlantic to the Mississippi (e.g., Delaware, Huron, Iroquois Confederacy, Mohegans) were deer hunters; the women also grew corn, squash, and beans. Their houses included the dome-shaped wigwam and the longhouse; they used the birchbark canoe. Males wore deerskin clothing, face and body paint, and scalp locks. Peoples in the area from the Ohio R. to the Gulf of Mexico (e.g., Cherokee, Choctaw, Natchez, Seminole) developed a farming and trading economy featuring a high technology and excellent pottery. A stratified society observed elaborate rites including sun worship; burial mounds (see Mound Builders) were unique to these groups. In the semiarctic Northern area, covering most of Canada, Algonquian-Wakashan and Nadene tongues predominated. Nomadic hunters (e.g., Kutchin, Montagnais And Naskapi) followed caribou migrations for food, clothing, and shelter; the snowshoe was important to their material culture. Their religion centered on the Shaman. Peoples of the Southwest (e.g., Apache, Navaho, Pueblo) spoke mainly Aztec-Tanoan languages and reflected the advanced culture of the Aztecs to the south. By 700 B.C. the basketmakers had mastered intensive agriculture and pottery making. The Cliff Dwellers later built terraced community houses and ceremonial Kivas on cliff ledges. The Pueblo tribes further developed farming, pottery, textiles, and a complex mythology and religion. After the long struggle (see Indian Wars) between whites and Native Americans came to an end in the 1890s, Native Americans settled into a life dominated by poverty, poor education, unemployment, and gradual dispersal. U.S. government policy, administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, encouraged converting tribal lands into individual holdings, many of which were sold to whites. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 aimed at revitalization of Native American economic life, but also at assimilation into white society; the policy of the 1950s to terminate tribes aggravated the situation. In the 1970s the American Indian Movement was organized, and various tribes filed suits to reclaim formerly seized lands from the U.S. Government. Beginning in the late 1970s some tribes opened high-stakes bingo halls to generate income, and the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act has led to the widespread establishment of gambling casinos by Native Americans. Of approximately 1.9 million Native Americans in the U.S. today, most live in the Southwest and mountain states. Survivors of many Eastern tribes live among whites in Oklahoma, while unassimilated native culture is strongest among the Pueblos of Arizona and New Mexico and among some tribes of the Pacific Northwest. See also articles on individual tribes Bright Star

I forgot to mention that Jane Kirkpatrick is a consultant to Native American communities. Her works are full of detailed and accurate descriptions of Native American life in Oregon. The story "A Sweetness to Water My Soul" is taken from stories told by the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation in Oregon of the Sherar family who were the first settlers in the Multanomah area of Oregon. The Sherars were friends of the Indians there and they remember them with respect and kindness. I hope you will enjoy her books. Diana

In a message dated 7/4/00 2:02:52 PM Eastern Daylight Time, [email protected] writes: << Ms. Kirkpatrick's books >> Hi Diana, Thanks, I am going to check this out. HUGS, Bright Star

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<A HREF="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/calbkbib:@field([email protected] (calbk+052))">Click here: 02015274</A> May Your Waters Run Gentle. Little Hawk.

<A HREF="http://rs6.loc.gov/ammem/cbhtml/cbhome.html">Click here: "California as I Saw It:" First-Person Narratives of California's Early Years, 1849-1900</A> May Your Waters Run Gentle. Little Hawk.

The complete George Washington Papers from the Manuscript Division at the Library of Congress consists of approximately 65,000 documents. This is the largest collection of original Washington documents in the world. Document types in the collection as a whole include correspondence, letterbooks, commonplace books, diaries, journals, financial account books, military records, reports, and notes accumulated by Washington from 1741 through 1799. The collection is organized into eight Series or groupings. Commonplace books, correspondence, and travel journals, document his youth and early adulthood as a Virginia county surveyor and as colonel of the militia during the French and Indian War. Washington's election as delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses and his command of the American army during the Revolutionary war are well documented as well as his two presidential administrations from 1789 through 1797. Because of the wide range of Washington's interests, activities, and correspondents, which include ordinary citizens as well as celebrated figures, his papers are a rich source for almost every aspect of colonial and early American history. In its online presentation, the George Washington Papers consists of approximately 147,000 images. The collection's eight series have been presented in five successive releases from February 1998 through November 1999. A final update of Series 4 and release of transcriptions with annotations to accompany Series 1b Diaries in 2000 will complete the online presentation of the George Washington Papers. This project is funded by Reuters America, Inc., and the Reuters Foundation. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -- The May Your Waters Run Gentle. Little Hawk.

Why I got lost once, an' I came right on [Chief Joseph's] camp before I knowed it . . . 't was night, 'n' I was kind o' creepin' along cautious, an' the first thing I knew there was an Injun had me on each side, an' they jest marched me up to Jo's tent, to know what they should do with me . . . Well, Jo, he took up a torch, a pine knot he had burnin', and he held it close't up to my face, and looked me up an' down, an' down an' up; an' I never flinched; I jest looked him up an' down 's good 's he did me; 'n' then he set the knot down, 'n' told the men it was all right, --I was`tum tum;' that meant I was good heart; 'n' they gave me all I could eat, 'n' a guide to show me my way, next day, 'n' I could n't make Jo nor any of 'em take one cent. I had a kind o' comforter o' red yarn, I wore round my neck; an' at last I got Jo to take that, jest as a kind o' momento. May Your Waters Run Gentle. Little Hawk.

<A HREF="http://www.jkbooks.com/">Click here: Award Winning Author Jane Kirkpatrick</A> If you enjoy novels, based on fact, about settling the West, you will enjoy Ms. Kirkpatrick's books. She is one of my favorite authors. Check out the Monthly Notes ..... very enjoyable! Diana

<A HREF="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/llss_browse.html">Click here: Indian Land Cessions: List of Tribes</A> http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/llss_browse.html Bright Star

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<A HREF="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/wauhtml/aipnSubjects29.html">Cli ck here: American Indians of the Pacific Northwest: Subjects</A> http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/award98/wauhtml/aipnSubjects29.html Bright Star

<A HREF="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/keywords/treaties.html">Click here: Learning Page of the Library of Congress: Treaties Pathfinder</A> http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/ndlpedu/keywords/treaties.html Bright Star