<A HREF="http://www.ncai.org/TribalDirectory/Lower48Tribes/lower48tribes.htm">Cli ck here: Directory of Lower 48 Tribes</A> http://www.ncai.org/TribalDirectory/Lower48Tribes/lower48tribes.htm Bright Star

<A HREF="http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/countries/USA.html">Click here: Ethnologue: USA</A> http://www.bibliomania.com/Fiction/Fenimore/Mohicans/chap02.html Bright Star

<A HREF="http://www.bibliomania.com/Fiction/Fenimore/Mohicans/chap02.html">Cl ick here: The Last of the Mohicans 02</A> http://www.bibliomania.com/Fiction/Fenimore/Mohicans/chap02.html Bright Star

<A HREF="http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/us2.html">Click here: BY the middle of the 18th century the population of the colonies</A> http://www.emayzine.com/lectures/us2.html Bright Star

<A HREF="http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/tecumseh/man/">Click here: Chief Tecumseh</A> http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/tecumseh/man/ Bright Star

<A HREF="http://www.state.ri.us/rihist/earlyh.htm">Click here: http://www.state.ri.us/rihist/earlyh.htm</A> http://www.state.ri.us/rihist/earlyh.htm Narrangansett Tribe Bright Star

In a message dated 7/8/0 2:30:12 AM, REDSKI9136 wrote: <<Mixed bloods are the lost children. They never know from one day to the next, who will accept them or deny them. But, not here and not today on all the list we have. Strength is in numbers. We grow larger every day.And no one will silence us ever. Bright Star>> You got that right! Its not easy being one of us girl! I know for instance from my experiences I am not accepted by the whites and I'm not completely in with the Indigenous..hehehe but I am accepted by the traditional Indigenous for they walk the way of our ancestors in a humble way, they accept all children of all colors, there are no color lines, everyone is equal. I am active in the NA community online and offline. I fight for human rights & civil rights for all peoples. We don't have to prove our Indigenous to anyone, we do that by the way we walk & what path we have chosen. When you walk with the Creator , you shine , you are peaceful and humble people feel and sense your beauty (meaning balance) no words are necessary to express your tribe your affiliations, your relations, for we are all related! blessings Turtle/

In a message dated 7/7/00 10:55:05 PM Eastern Daylight Time, Tsalagi02 writes: << when we suffered at the hand of a bad list manage >> Well Turtle, The Creator always wins in the end. Your here and teaching. And if I helped that process, then I am keeping to the Creators plan. Creator knows the NA sorrows. He saw what went down on the trail of tears. And he will never give up on his lost children. Mixed bloods are the lost children. They never know from one day to the next, who will accept them or deny them. But, not here and not today on all the list we have. Strength is in numbers. We grow larger every day.And no one will silence us ever. Bright Star

Hi List, Does anyone know the different ways of using the herbs for Pneumonia and no you can get the roots for some of them and boil for tea and some come in capsule form you can take orally...... any suggestions or places to obtain besides the bush or the herbal stores? Turtle/

In a message dated 7/7/00 3:04:54 AM Eastern Daylight Time, [email protected] writes: << Welcome back Turtle, missed you, glad you are fine. Bright Star, as usuall thanks for all the information about Roo$web. Alece, you are a great keeper. Blessings to all on the list, Joyce >> Hi Joyce, WE LOVE YOU TOO !!! HUGS, Bright Star

Thu, 06 Jul 2000 http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/news/local/html98/trah06m_20000706.html Codetalker G.I. Joe speaks volumes My wife has a new toy. I heard the news from my sons who informed me that she had bought the toy - at a toy store, no less - and that they were not allowed to play with it. There it was: The Codetalker G.I. Joe doll. My wife is Navajo and she grew up knowing her grandfather was a codetalker during World War II. She picks up the box and demonstrates, pulling the string as we hear a phrase that's roughly written in English as "jo'kayed'joh'be'al'doh'cid'da'hi'coh." G.I. Joe just said "request mortar fire." The doll really tells an American story. It's about a nation that once tried to erase the Navajo language through government boarding schools. Yet when war came, this same language was found to be useful. Some historians say that the more than 400 codetalkers and their unbreakable code were the key to Marine Corps success in the Pacific theater. This wasn't even the first time the military turned to Native American people and languages during a time of conflict: This has occurred from the beginning of this country, including during the "Indian" wars when tribal scouts fought wearing soldier blue. It is in this context that I am so galled by a recent story from The Spokesman-Review in Spokane. The newspaper reports that the Republican Party passed a resolution at its state convention calling for the end of tribal governments. A briefly debated resolution calls on the federal government to "take whatever steps necessary to terminate all such non-republican forms of government on Indian reservations, and compensate those citizens who have wrongly suffered loss due to denial of their constitutionallyguaranteed rights to be governed by a republican form of government." (No words about compensating tribal members for stripping their property rights.) In other words: pay the non-Indian residents of reservations, tell tribal governments to roll up and go away, and move on. But what if that doesn't work? Sponsor John Fleming told the Spokesman-Review it probably could be done peacefully, but if tribes fight back, "then the U.S. Army and the Air Force and the Marines and the National Guard are going to have to battle back." Political termination of tribal governments is a policy that's been tried been tried before - and it failed. Only a few decades ago, the Colville Confederated Tribes in this state barely survived termination attempts by the Congress. That tribe is stronger today - economically, politically and culturally - because it convinced its own membership, and then the greater community, that the U.S. ought to continue to honor its word. This position is mainstream Republican. It was, after all, President Nixon who told the Congress that termination had been a mistake. But that is a political argument; one I am passionate about, but certainly one worthy of discussion. That is not true when someone raises a military solution. Flemming's very point is dishonorable and unreasonable and ought to be repudiated by every Republican who cares about justice and fair play. Pick a war, any war, and I'll draw up a list of American Indian veterans. Native people are among the first to enlist in any conflict. Visit any reservation community and you'll easily discover displays of American flags that are as woven into the culture as a beadwork pattern. My wife didn't know what her grandfather did during World War II, other than being a codetalker. He would not talk about it. He was sworn to keep the secrets inside his head. His family never knew what had happened during the war. But a legacy was created, and the relationship between Navajos and Marines continues (a nephew is now serving). Our two boys can also look to the G.I. Joe doll as a reminder of how their ancestors contributed to freedom, too.

That was very thoughtful of you....thanks again...hugs,malinda [email protected] wrote: > In a message dated 7/7/0 5:20:37 PM, [email protected] wrote: > > <<That should certainly work !! I wish I had known about them last year when > I had double pneumonia ....thanks > > malinda > >> > > Your welcome Malinda! My aunt is just getting over pneumonia right now & I > gave her the remedy today & thought you all would like it too....... > blessings > turtle/

[source: NativeNews; Fri, 07 Jul 2000 12:27:09 -0400] Published Friday July 07, 2000 Progress Slow on Pine Ridge Reservation BY DAVID HENDEE WORLD-HERALD STAFF WRITER When President Clinton left the poverty-stricken Pine Ridge Indian Reservation a year ago today, he told Oglala Sioux President Harold Salway: "Now it's up to you. It's up to you." Clinton visited Pine Ridge, S.D., to introduce private business to the untapped potential of some of the nation's poorest people and to offer millions of dollars in federal aid. In the 12 months since Clinton's visit, several federal projects to build housing, roads and water and sewer systems are moving forward, but the Oglala people have stumbled in taking control of Clinton's farewell charge to determine their economic destiny. The tribe is in turmoil. Salway, the elected tribal leader who was at Clinton's side throughout the daylong visit, has been suspended by the Tribal Council amid allegations of mismanaging funds. Protesters have peacefully occupied the tribal headquarters since January. Most private investors, who federal and tribal officials hoped would take advantage of economic incentives to create jobs and new markets on the reservation, remain on the sidelines. A recent Bureau of Indian Affairs audit of the tribe's finances indicated that some tribal leaders were skirting established accounting procedures, said Bob Ecoffey, the BIA superintendent at Pine Ridge. The audit also indicated that the tribe was using an undetermined amount of federal money to balance its general fund account. Such use of federal money is prohibited and must be reimbursed, Ecoffey said. BIA officials are working with the tribe to help rewrite financial, procurement and personnel policies. "We want to put things in place for tighter controls over funding and basic improvement of tribal operations," Ecoffey said. "We're making a lot of headway. Once we get off dead center, I think we'll get the investors back to the table. They're still interested, but they don't want to be here while we've got these internal disputes." Salway said he realized during Clinton's visit that the tribe didn't have the financial structure it needed to take advantage of economic initiatives. He said he was starting to clean up the tribe's finances when he split with factions on the Tribal Council. "By cleaning it up we'd be accountable," Salway said. "That's my buzzword." A few months after Clinton's visit, Salway presented the administration with a nearly $1 billion wish list of projects to improve the reservation's housing, roads, utilities, telephone service and airport and to attract businesses, a bank and tourism. The Pine Ridge reservation is home to some of nation's most miserable living conditions. An estimated 4,000 families need homes. Unemployment hovers around 70 percent. Shannon County, which includes much of the reservation, is the poorest in the country with a poverty rate of nearly 63 percent. More than 40 percent of adults haven't graduated from high school. Yet the reservation commands $60 million in retail buying power, according to the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Most of that money is spent off the reservation because there is so little commercial activity in Pine Ridge and other villages. Setting the groundwork for Clinton's initiatives to improve housing, increase homeownership, create jobs and educational opportunities and spark economic development on Pine Ridge and other reservations has been slow work, said Brian Sullivan, an HUD spokesman in Washington, D.C. "We're dealing with a situation where home ownership is the lowest in the nation and so we're trying to create a culture of home ownership," he said. However, progress has been made. Sullivan said houses continue to be built, a home-loan system is being developed from scratch, tribal courts are wrestling with land ownership and title questions, and home fairs are popular and well-attended. Stacy Phelps, technology director at Oglala Lakota College on the reservation, said Gateway has provided 44 computers for the four-year school to use in developing a information technology degree program expected to start next year. "If we can get a trainable workforce under our belt and use the federal incentives to get companies to look at what we're doing, maybe we can get some technology-oriented jobs here," he said. Although private businesses haven't accepted Clinton's invitation to set up shop on the Pine Ridge reservation, federally funded projects are making millions of dollars worth of important infrastructure improvements, Ecoffey said. Among them: * U.S. military personnel plan to build a dozen houses during a twoweek blitz-build this month similar to new structures Clinton visited last year. * An office park for government offices and private business is expected to be built east of Pine Ridge next year. Groundbreaking for a nearby youth activities center is expected this month. * Funding for a $16 million Oglala cultural and heritage center at nearby Badlands National Park is on the fast track through Congress and could be built in 2002. Salway said that although he is not recognized as president by the Tribal Council, he continues to work with federal officials on realizing the opportunities offered by Clinton. He said he plans to seek re-election to the presidency in September's scheduled primary election. "Right now we need to fight corruption, push for accountability and stabilize the tribe," he said.

From: [email protected] For immediate release: OCNAA Summer Gathering and State wide A.I.M. meeting. July 29, 2000 Location: The Irwin Ranch, 7916 Braun Road, Groveport, Ohio Camping Available: Friday Night and Saturday Night Come join us for a day of relaxation, food, fun,and information! And did we say FUN? Bring your children, bring your relatives, bring your friends! Visit old friends, make new friends. Updates on current issues affecting Native Americans in the State of Ohio and the Nation. A.I.M Meeting Time: 3:00 pm Updates and discussion of issues affecting AIM in Ohio and the Nation. Agenda Items may be submitted in advance. send to: Kenneth Irwin, Sr. 7916 Braun Road Groveport Ohio 43125 For more information contact (614) 836-5333, visit our web site at www.ocnaa.org or email us at [email protected]

In a message dated 7/7/0 5:20:37 PM, [email protected] wrote: <<That should certainly work !! I wish I had known about them last year when I had double pneumonia ....thanks malinda >> Your welcome Malinda! My aunt is just getting over pneumonia right now & I gave her the remedy today & thought you all would like it too....... blessings turtle/

Native American Remedy PNEUMONIA bayberry, black mustard, capsicum, clove, comfrey, echinacea, fennel, fenugreek, garlic, honey, lobelia, marshmallow root, mullein, onion, pine, pokeroot, wild onion.

Traditional Story: The Raven Mocker The most dreaded of all Cherokee witches is the Raven Mocker, who robs the dying of their life. A Raven Mocker can be of either sex, and there is no real way to know one. They usually look old and withered, because they have added so many lives to their own. During the night when someone is sick or dying, the Raven Mocker goes there to take the life. He flies through the air with his arms outstretched like wings. There will be a wild wind noise around him, and sparks trailing from behind. Every once in awhile he will dive, and make a sound similar to a raven’s cry. All those who hear it are afraid, because they know that someone’s life will soon end. When the Raven Mocker makes it to the dying person’s house, he often finds others of his kind there. Unless there is an Indian Doctor watching out who knows how to drive them off, they will all go inside (they are invisible) and frighten and torment the sick person until they kill him. Sometimes, those who are attending the sick think the person is just fighting for their breath. After the witches take the life, they take out his heart and eat it, and by doing this, they add to their own lives as many days or years as they have taken from his. Nobody who is attending the sick can see them, and there is no scar where they have removed the heart. Upon further examination, they will find that there is no heart left in the body. Only a medicine person with the right kind of medicine can recognize a Raven Mocker, and if that medicine person stays in the room with the sick person, the witches will be afraid to come in. When one of them has been recognized in his right shape, he must die within seven days. Often, when the friends of a traditional Cherokee know that there is no more hope, they will try to have one of these medicine people stay in the house and guard the body until it is buried. Witches will not steal the hearts after burial. Other witches are usually jealous of Raven Mockers and are afraid to enter the same house with one. When a Raven Mocker finally dies, the other witches sometimes take revenge by digging up the body and abusing it. Info provided by the Cherokee Nation Cultural Resource Center

That should certainly work !! I wish I had known about them last year when I had double pneumonia ....thanks malinda [email protected] wrote: > Native American Remedy > > PNEUMONIA > > bayberry, black mustard, capsicum, clove, comfrey, echinacea, fennel, > fenugreek, garlic, honey, lobelia, marshmallow root, mullein, onion, pine, > pokeroot, wild onion. > > ==== BLACK-DUTCH-AMERICA Mailing List ==== > Granny's Native American Pantry - A must join mailing list on RootsWeb > If your interested in learning about the NA Grandmother's stories, recipes, clothing, etc. E-mail: [email protected] > > ============================== > Search ALL of RootsWeb's mailing lists in real time. > RootsWeb's Personalized Mailing Lists: > http://pml.rootsweb.com/

In a message dated 7/7/0 6:04:54 AM, [email protected] wrote: <<Welcome back Turtle, missed you, glad you are fine. Bright Star, as usuall thanks for all the information about Roo$web. Alece, you are a great keeper. Blessings to all on the list, Joyce >> Aunt Joyce, Bright Star & I both have tried to e-mail you and the emails get returned cause your box is full! I can't call out of the area due to the crossline problem, the line I'm crossed with doesn't have a long distance carrier so it won't allow me to call without a long distance carrier code, so I will catch up with you later when this problem is resolved. I quoted the problem wrong, there was a fire in the manhole of where the dig is where BART Expansion is developing to go to the SFO Airport, apparently the Welder or someone working for Tutor-Saliba who are BART's contractors caused this outage in San Bruno, CA & South San Francisco, CA, the # of people were 28,000 not 27,000..... Apparently Pacific Bell Telephone Company is stating the problems will be fixed soon....... Well its been since June 26th! Enough of that.... Glad to see you posting! luv ya! turtle/

Thank Joice We love ya May Your Waters Run Gentle. Little Hawk.