Thank you all for the upwards of 20 responses to my double s (ß) question. Very nice of you to take the time to help me out. I appreciate it very much! I will be depending on ALL of you to also help me with my difficult genealogical questions! <grin> For example, you're ALL directly related to my Hagens and Uttendorfers, and Spangels aren't you...........<grin> Thanks again, Joanne