I wouldlike to differ slightly from Linda on the 19th use of this word. It was not necessary to be in retirement. In 1898, Pears Cyclopaedia gave the definition: 'A man of good breeding and education'. I believe it commonly meant anyone who did not depend on a trade or profession for an income ('of independent means'). His wife (and daughter?), of course, was a 'gentlewoman'. Hope this is helpful. Robert Luxton