I've just looked up Lipp on National Archives - There are Lipps mentioned under a variety of birth countries, including Germany, Austria, Roumania, Poland and Scotland. Wars and 'portable' borders don't make things any easier for us either. I'm still trying to work out if my g-grandfather, who was born in Dalmatia at the time it was part of the Hapsburg Empire, was Dalmation or Austrian. And was his father, John, really named Johann or Ivan? Cheers Barbara