Date: Tue, 23 Apr 2002 13:38:51 EDT From: BrightStar9136@aol.com Hello List, I sent Jim Hicks a post asking two questions for the list. # 1 Are all Freedmen slaves? #2 Were do folks get copies of their own applications? JIM'S REPLY IS- The 1906 Miller and the 1902 Dawes are maintained by the National Archives and copies of the individual applications can be ordered through them ( <A HREF="http://www.nara.gov/"> http://www.nara.gov/</A> ) these are usually 5 pages in length and contain detailed descriptions of their family for three generations; cost is about $10~$15 including shipping; however, you should have most of the Miller applications on hand and you are welcome to share what's in them. As to if they were all slaves; the answer would be no, they were identified as EITHER slaves or descendants of slaves, some had mixed blood and were also descendants of Cherokee (see George Hammer Brown family). Actually the George Hammer Brown family would be a textbook case to show how the rolls work, how individuals can be traced through the years, and how one family can have brothers and sisters listed as Freedmen in some cases and as Cherokee in others. Bright Star Freedmen Prodject