Many thanks to Janet who looked at 7 Eyre St Hill, Clerkenwell on the 1891 census and uncovered yet another spelling to add to my collection, as well as probable confirmation that my gg grandfather was born in Parma, not Lombardy. The original immigrant, my gg grandfather, Joseph (spelt GHIRARDANI at his 1851 marriage by an Italian priest) was there, a street musician aged 65, with the surname JERIDI(E)NE. (Also his wife Elizabeth and daughter Louisa). By this time my grandfather had been born and given the surname GERADINE, unlike his oldest siblings who were GHIRARDANI. Others in the family seemed to have settled on the same spelling. I suspect Jopseph never learnt to write and just said it the way his children had decided to spell and pronounce it after the English clerks had first changed the spelling and then others had pronounced what was spelt. For new listers, any sightings of the following, especially in London from about 1850, may well be my family: (GHIRARDANI isn't a common name in Italy, unlike GHIRARDINI): GHIRARDANI Variations: GERADINE, GHIRADANI, GEARDINI, GERARDINI, GHIREDANI, GHERARDINI, GHIRARDINI, GERADINI, JERIDINA, GERARDINE, GERARDANI, GEORDINI, JERIDI(E)NE, GHIRAND(I)ANI Daphne Dashfield (Geradine)