Dear Dick, and Cousins, I sent this message last night, but it does not seem to have gone through. I'm re-sending it and hope the first one doesn't show up as well. Your DNA project has shed light on a complex topic and made it more understandable to us. I think you had all the right expectations and applications in your venture with the testing, while many people are being misled in what can be discovered and what can't. Also, your understanding of the historical implications of the testing is what makes the findings so rich for you. One of the neatest books I've ever come across may be of great interest to you. I found this book before you were subscribed, Dick, and I'm not sure I've mentioned it since you've become a list member. It is Terry G. Jordan and Matti Kaups' "The American Backwoods Frontier: An Ethnic and Ecological Interpretation, " published by Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. Terry Jordon with Finnish-speaking Matti Kaups traced the origins of the American Backwoods Frontier to the Swede/Finns who settled along the Delaware River long prior to Penn's arrival in 1682. Through investigating and interpreting origins of backcountry/frontier vernacular architecture and building techniques (principally log cabins and rail fencing) they advanced concepts about the development of the American culture "from sea to shining sea" that are quite different (and I believe, more realistic historically and genealogically) from the popular portrayals, for instance, David Hackett Fischer's "Albion's Seed, Four British Folkways." I don't care for Fischer's methodology or interpretation. I am attempting to better define from an historical and genealogical point of view what Jordan and Kaups approached from a cultural ecological aspect. They believe a "Swede-Finn" influence was the key to success of the migrating peoples down out of the Delaware River valley. They also have views about the "decimation" of the Native American populace that don't jibe with the popular view either. They feel that Native Americans were assimilated into the Frontier culture rather than wiped out. It appears to me that DNA tests would have importance for their ideas. I am curious too, whether your genealogical studies take into consideration the Swede/Finn connection here, in the Delaware River Valley. II wonder if it is possible the conjunction of those aspects of your DNA was here rather than Across the Water??!! The first Finns were not so numerous here as the Swedes and it may be that any Finnish identity in your ancestry here was submerged into the Swedish. Just a thought. Thank you Dick, for sharing this information and most interesting experience with us. Love, Your Cousin, Carolyn