I had heard that it was that area where Schuyllkill, Dauphin and Northumberland counties meet. -----Original Message----- From: Bob Fetters <[email protected]> To: amrev-hessians <[email protected]> Sent: Mon, Apr 30, 2012 5:51 pm Subject: Re: [AMREV-HESSIANS] Reading and Writing As I understand it, the "Hesssian Triangle of PA" is supposedly Berks, Schuylkill and Dauphin/Lebanon Counties, an area where a large number of Hessians settled and held a large number of German-Americans before that. . Much of that was Berks and Lancaster Counties, during the Revolution. My JHH was there until about 1800, when he moved west to his final charges in Huntingdon County, PA. He is buried at Antis Cemetery, just north of Altoona. Robert A. "Bob" Fetters ----- Original Message ----- From: "Cline, Christopher Thomas" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Monday, April 30, 2012 12:49 PM Subject: Re: [AMREV-HESSIANS] Reading and Writing > Bob, > Could you explain what the "Hessian Triangle of Pennsylvania is?" > > Chris Cline > > -----Original Message----- > From: [email protected] > [mailto:[email protected]] On Behalf Of Bob Fetters > Sent: Monday, April 30, 2012 11:38 AM > To: [email protected] > Subject: [AMREV-HESSIANS] Reading and Writing > > My ancestor, Johann Henrich HAMMER (JHH), was the son of a former soldier, > from the very small towns of Ibra and Machtlos, Hessen Kassel. He came as > a > Private to America, and was captured at Trenton. After a prisoner > exchange, > he returned to his Regiment, was made a Corporal, and in 1782, decided to > stay here and deserted to the American side. In the Hessian triangle of > Pennsylvania, where he had served his time as a prisoner, he married a > Julianna DUBBS/TOOPS. He became a teacher and minister of both the > Lutheran > and Reformed faiths. In a bio that survives, we learned that JHH was > taught > by his Reformed Church Minister in Germany and was certainly well enough > educated to serve his occupation, at least in German. He even wrote his > own > will (again, in German). If my ancestor is any indication, the literacy > and education level was very good for the common soldier. > > Robert A. "Bob" Fetters > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Everett Spees" <[email protected]> > To: <[email protected]>; <[email protected]> > Sent: Monday, April 30, 2012 10:37 AM > Subject: Re: [AMREV-HESSIANS] Reading and Writing > > >> >> Hello all: >> >> I want to add to the discussion of how literate the Hessian soldiers were >> during the 18th Century, especially those who served in North America >> during the Revolutionary War. In researching my Hessian forbear, I met >> with and corresponded with the Evangelical Pastor of his village, >> Schwebda, adjacent to Eschwege, in Hessen. I visited there in 2007, was >> shown the sacramental records of my forbear and his family by the pastor, >> and corresponded afterward. >> >> I have translated a few passages from the information he sent me about >> schooling. This indicates that most if not all Hesse-Kassel children >> received compulsory religious and academic schooling until adolescence >> (and/or confirmation in the Lutheran or Calvinistic Reformed/Evangelical >> Church). The Sovereign (Landgrave, Margrave, etc.) of each German >> principality dictated which religious faith would be in force in his >> dominion. This information is backed up by other puibllished references. >> If you are interested in these, please contact me off line. >> >> Half of the Hesse-Kassel officers were of noble families, and received >> military cadet training in a college in Kassel. Some educated enlisted >> men >> entered service in the rank of Corporal, and were eligible for promotion >> to officer (Ensign) rank in the field, at the pleasure of the Landgrave. >> Officers needed to be able to communicate in French, the language of the >> Hess-Kassel court. >> >> Here are the translated passages: >> ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ >> >> The school was funded and run by the village community. The priest had >> the >> right of visitation and had to see to it that the teachers taught right. >> (Pastor was a "Double Boss"). The teacher was allowed to cultivate land. >> That was worth a lot in the old days. In addition, they received a reward >> in money. >> >> Singing and music were in the land of Hesse-Cassel since the Reformation, >> in common worship. It had remained Lutheran with "improvement points", >> the >> bread was broken at the Last Supper, which counted 10 different >> commands - >> "banned" images in the churches. Reformed churches, therefore modified >> the >> style but remained almost entirely theological in Lutheranism. There were >> established, however, in the country Kurhessen (Hessian District) real >> communities of Huguenots from France, authentic Lutheran congregations in >> the area of Marburg, Uniate communities, where both creeds were equal >> (Frankfurt area) and the Reformed churches in Niederhessen. >> It was very complicated. Today we are a church in which all these creeds >> are equal. >> We are therefore simply called "Evangelical Church of Electoral >> Hesse-Waldeck." There is a special liturgy for worship. >> The Protestants use the Augsburg Confession. >> >> Always the Luther Bible lay on the altar. It was also an assignment in >> class at school. >> Religious education was compulsory until 1918. Since one could be freed >> at >> the request of parents or their (the students') own religious maturity, >> but must then complete additional ethics lessons. >> >> School attendance was compulsory until about 1720 to the level of the 4th >> Educational Category. Thereafter until about 1770 to the 6th Category. >> After 1770 to the 8th Class, followed by confirmation. Then the students >> progressed into training as a craftsman or took an easy job. Higher >> education was acquired at the high school from 5th grade, at extra cost. >> >> In the village school, the students had to bring wood or briquettes for >> heating. The school building and the teacher's home were funded by the >> community. The teacher was paid by the state from tax (civil servants). >> The school through grade 8 school was free (funded by taxes). So it is >> today. >> >> Elementary School Grades 1-4 >> Primary school grades 5-10 high school grades 5-10 high school class 5-10 >> >> Teaching + Vocational school 3 11-13 years Gymnasium upper class. Higher >> education free of charge except for accommodation and free food >> In the village school, the students had to bring wood or briquettes for >> heating. The school building and the teacher's home were funded by the >> community. The teacher was paid by the state from tax (civil servants). >> The school through grade 8 school was free (funded by taxes). So it is >> today. >> >> Elementary School Grades 1-4 >> Primary school grades 5-10 high school grades 5-10 high school class 5-10 >> >> Teaching + Vocational school 3 11-13 years Gymnasium upper class. Higher >> education free of charge except for accommodation and free food >> >> ++++++++++++++++++++++End >> >> Everett Spees >> Descendant of Johann Friederich Spies, Company 3, Hesse-Cassel Erbprinz >> Regiment, whose brother Henrich was in the same company, and whose >> brother >> Conrad was in the Garrison Regiment von Buenau - all served in America >> during the Revlutionary War >> >> >> >> >> -----Original Message----- >> From: Robert Sulentic <[email protected]> >> To: amrev-hessians <[email protected]> >> Sent: Mon, Apr 30, 2012 9:47 am >> Subject: Re: [AMREV-HESSIANS] Reading and Writing >> >> >> Hi Nelda, >> It's a confessional thing. You're supposed to be able to read the >> criptures--not just have a priest tell you what's what--so most >> Protestants (in >> ermany anyway) stressed some sort of basic education. I think that's >> mentioned >> n one of the church books that Burgoyne translated--not only was the >> pastor >> nstructing the children in religious instruction, he was also teaching >> them to >> ead. >> Everybody should remember, that 18th century Germany is a settled place, >> it is >> ot a frontier like America, where the various amenities of civilization >> don't >> ecessarily exist yet. >> -Robert Sulentic >> ww.vondonop.org >> >> ----Original Message----- >> From: Nelda Percival <[email protected]> >> Sent: Apr 29, 2012 4:46 PM >> To: [email protected] >> Subject: [AMREV-HESSIANS] Reading and Writing >> >> >> HiWhat makes you think MOST could read and write? Not to get into an >> argurement >> ere, but in the 1700s education was not a paid for item. No ones >> government put >> he common person though any type of schooling. Look at the records we do >> find, >> or any of our ancestors from that time period how many signed with an X . >> >> Yes, there are some diaries and such but that percentage, if you look at >> it, is >> o wheres near most... >> >> I'd be happy to find out that the Hessians connected to my families >> could >> read >> nd write. >> >> Nelda >> >> >> >> Nelda L. Percival, Administrator of Y-DNA surname projects Gilpin, Cupp, >> onstein >> and Gillock >> My Genealogy - >> http://freepages.folklore.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/index.htm >> >> GeneticGenealogy - http://www.geneticsand.us >> Blog - http://aircastles-lets-talk.blogspot.com/ >> >> GilpinGenetics: http://www.gilpingenetics.us/ >> Web Mistress for LCRG - http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~molcgdrg >> >> >> >> >> >> PLEASE CHECK ALL OF YOUR SUBJECTS! >> ~~~~~~~~~ >> FOUNDER: John H. Merz 1924-2006 Created 1998 >> ~~~~~~~~~~~~ >> http://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~bonsteinandgilpin >> ~~~~~~~~~~~~ >> ADMINISTRATOR<Kerri> [email protected] >> ------------------------------- >> To unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to >> [email protected] >> ith the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body >> of >> he message >> PLEASE CHECK ALL OF YOUR SUBJECTS! >> ~~~~~~~~ >> OUNDER: John H. Merz 1924-2006 Created 1998 >> ~~~~~~~~~~~ >> ttp://freepages.military.rootsweb.com/~bonsteinandgilpin >> ~~~~~~~~~~~ >> DMINISTRATOR<Kerri> [email protected] >> ------------------------------ >> o unsubscribe from the list, please send an email to >> [email protected] >> ith the word 'unsubscribe' without the quotes in the subject and the body >> of >> he message >> >> PLEASE CHECK ALL OF YOUR SUBJECTS! >> ~~~~~~~~~ >> FOUNDER: John H. 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