Hi, This bounced to me for size....It is from Barry ----Original Message Follows---- From: "Barry Wetherington" <cbarrfly@comcast.net> To: "AmRevHess-L" <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> CC: "BarryGmai" <cbarrfly@gmail.com>, "BarryCast" <cbarrfly@comcast.net> Subject: German-American Chronology perspective Date: Mon, 11 Jul 2005 21:05:36 -0600 Hello List, This is an interesting site for a German / US perspective from 1608. The site itself contains images and emphasis. Assuming the properties of this msg are retained, expanding the width will provide add'l perspective. Barry http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/kade/adams/chrono.html A German-American Chronology "1776 The Great American Revolution / Braunschweiger and Hessian troops land in Quebec (and introduce the decorated Christmas tree to North America); more than 10,000 remained in America " " 1777 Major F. von Heer commands Gen. Washington's German body-guards" . . . . . . . . . ==================================== 1608 Some Germans accompany Captain John Smith, founder of Jamestown, VA 1618 Thirty Years' War devastates Germany; the country disintegrates into numerous independent principalities 1626 The Rhinelander Peter Minuit (Minnewit) -- director of the Dutch colony-purchases Manhattan from the Indians and builds Ft. New Amsterdam 1633 First publication in Germany encouraging emigration to America 1638 Peter Minuit founds the New Sweden colony 1661 Georg Hack from Cologne settles in Maryland 1668 Researcher and explorer Johann Lederer from Hamburg arrives 1670 Hudson Bay Co. founded with Prince Ruprecht as governor 1676 Nikolaus de Meyer from Hamburg becomes Mayor of New York 1683 Mennonites and Quakers arrive on the "Concord"and found Germantown, PA with Francis Daniel Pastorius as their leader / Vienna defended against Turkish invasion 1688 Germantown's Pastorius pens first protest against slavery 1689 French armies push toward Rhine and burn Heidelberg castle 1691 British execute Frankfurt-born Jacob Leisler, first elected governor of New York and champion of American independence 1709 First mass emigration from the Palatinate (Pfalz) 1710 650 Palatines and Swiss settle at New Bern, NC 1720 Augsburg and Marienthal founded in Louisiana 1728 Seventh-Day Adventists under Conrad Beissel build Ephrata Cloisters in Pennsylvania 1732 The "Philadelphische Zeitung" (newspaper) appears 1733 Schwenkfelders from Silesia arrive in Pennsylvania 1734 Salzburg Protestants come to Georgia 1735 Printer John Peter Zenger's acquittal -- landmark victory for freedom of the press / Moravians (Herrnhuters) under Count Zinzendorf settle in Georgia 1736 Moravians found Bethlehem,Nazareth, and Lititz, PA 1739 "Germantauner Zeitung" publ. by Christopher Saur / Conrad Beissel at Ephrata publ. first hymnal in America 1741 President Eisenhower's ancestor-Hans N. Eisenhauer-arrives 1743 First Bible printed in America by Christopher Saur-in German 1764 German Society for the Protection of Immigrants in Philadelphia 1768 Barbara Heck, German-lrish, founds first Methodist church in New York 1772 Pennsylvania Germans ("Dutchmen") form their own militias / Moravians found Schoenbrunn mission in Ohio 1776 The Great American Revolution / Braunschweiger and Hessian troops land in Quebec (and introduce the decorated Christmas tree to North America); more than 10,000 remained in America 1777 Gen. von Steuben trains American army / Molly Pitcher (Maria Ludwig) fights in several battles / Christopher Ludwig is the army's director of baking / Major F. von Heer commands Gen. Washington's German body-guards / Gen. Nicholas Herkimer and the Germans of the Mohawk Valley defeat the British at Oriskan 1779 Gen. von Steuben writes first handbook for U.S. Army 1783 First German brass band founded in Philadelphia 1784 Johann Jacob Astor arrives and becomes richest American / German Society for the Protection of Immigrants founded in New York 1786 Prussia's Frederick the Great recognizes the independent USA 1804 The Harmonists under George Rapp arrive in Pennsylvania. Their Indiana settlement, Neu Harmonie (1814- 824), becomes the economic "Wonder of the West" 1806 Defeated by Napoleon, The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ceases to exist 1807 Martin Baum, riverboat pioneer on the Ohio and Mississippi, becomes mayor of Cincinnati 1815 Boston's Germans found Handel and Haydn Society / Napoleon defeated by British and Prussian forces 1817 Joseph Baumeler and his German separatists found the Zoar commune in Ohio 1819 The Passenger Act by Congress ends redemptioner trade 1820 Joseph Heister becomes Governor of Pennsylvania 1823 First all-German singing society founded in Cincinnati 1825 German introduced at Harvard University / Harmonists build their third town, Old Economy, now part of Ambridge, PA 1827 Francis Lieber from Berlin begins editing the Encyclopaedia Americana in Boston 1829 Gomried Duden's published travel report encourages thousands of Germans to America, esp. Missouri

1835 The Giessen-Society aims at a "New German Fatherland" in America; this and similar attempts failed / Philadelphia Maennerchor founded 1836 Hermann, MO founded; its wines gain national recognition 1837 Pennsylvania publishes laws and governors' messages also in German 1840 German Lutherans found Concordia College, Ft. Wayne, IN / First "Volksfest" celebrated in Richmond, VA 1842 William Bouck (Bauk) becomes Governor of New York 1843 German Inspirationists settle near Buffalo and later move to Amana, IA 1844 German aristocrats found the "Mainzer Adelsverein"for settlement in Texas. They build New Braunfels and Fredericksburg 1845 First German Workers Organization founded in New York City 1847 Lutheran Missouri Synod organized, C.F.W. Walther, president 1848 The German Revolution for "unity, justice and freedom" / J.J. Astor donates $400,000 for the Astor Public Library in New York City / New York's Germania Orchestra founded / Cincinnati Turnverein founded 1849 Arrival of "Forty-Eighters" after the failed democratic revolution in Germany / First national "Saengerfest" of the North American Singers Union in Cincinnati / J.A. Sutter loses his land and fortune in the California gold rush 1850 Wilhelm Weitling and Hermann Kriege found the "Bund der Arbeiter" (Workers' League) / Levi Strauss produces first jeans 1853 Heinrich Steinweg creates the Steinway piano in New York 1854 221,253 German immigrants arrive in this peak year 1856 Mrs. Carl Schurz establishes first American Kindergarten in Watertown, Wl 1859 Abraham Lincoln acquires the "Illinois Staatsanzeiger" paper and struggles through German grammar

1861 The Civil War (1861-65) / German-American militia safeguard Missouri for the Union / Julius Sturges brings first pretzel on the market in Lititz, PA 1862 Homestead Act / Sioux Uprising in Minnesota. Attack on the German Turner town of New Ulm, MN 1865 Union army volunteers born in Germany numbered 5,000; 41 reached the rank of Major General / Young Count Zeppelin spent some time as a balloon observer 1866 After Prussia' victory over its archrival, Austria is no longer a member state of the German Federation / Adolf Pfannenschmidt from Rinteln founds Pfannenschmidtstadt-better known today as Hollywood! 1867 America's first Socialist party formed in New York City 1870 San Antonio, TX is 50% German / The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71); Chancellor Otto von Bismarck unites German states in the "Second Reich" (1871-1918) 1872 Brewers Philip Best, Valentin Blatz, Franz Falk,Frederick Miller, Jacob Obermann, Frederick Pabst, Joseph Schlitz and others make Milwaukee the leading beer exporter 1873 Bismarck's 14-year "Kulturkampf"-power struggle with Catholicism over control of education, civil marriage, and church appointments-motivates Catholic emigration 1877 Carl Schurz, Secretary of the Interior (1877­81) 1878 Bismarck's Socialist Law leads to wave of Social Democrat emigration / "New Yorker Volkszeitung" becomes organ of Socialist-Labor party 1880 Wisconsin has more German-Americans than any other state / 25 breweries in Cincinnati 1882 250,630 German immigrants-more than in any other year 1883 15,000 German Mennonites from Russia settle in Kansas / Brooklyn Bridge opens -- built by the Roeblings 1884 Ottmar Mergenthaler revolutionizes type-setting 1886 The Haymarket Riots in Chicago lead to arrest and execution of radical socialist editor August Spies of the "Arbeiter Zeitung" 1888 Some 800 German-language publications represent more than 50% of America's foreign language press 1893 Hesse-born John PeterAltgeld becomes Governor of Illinois 1901 The National German-American Alliance founded 1904 St. Louis Germans bring the "hamburger" on the market 1910 German-Americans developed 672,000 farms on a total area of 100,000,000 acres (an estimate) 1914 WW I begins in Europe. Pres.Wilson issues proclamations of neutrality / Frederick Weyerhaeuser, German-born lumber king, dies. His fortune: $300,000,000 1915 A German-American, Irish-American Alliance formed to keep the US out of the war 1917 The US enters the conflict. Anti-German hysteria throughout the country; German-language instruction ends in most states; hundreds of German-language publications cease to exist; many a Schmidt changes to Smith 1918 End of WW l; the imperial "Second Reich" ends / National German-American Alliance dissolved 1919 Germany's "Weimar Republic" founded / German instruction banned in Indiana and Nebraska / Steuben Society founded 1920 Prohibition until 1933

Opps skipped #3 1921 First Quota Law Limits immigration 1923 Supreme Court rules prohibiting German in schools unconstitutional / Charles P Steinmetz, GE's wizrd of electricity, dies / Inflation rocks young German republic / Hitler arrested after failing to seize power in Munich 1928 Herbert Hoover (Huber) elected -- first president of German ancestry 1929 "Black Friday" on New York Stock Exchange leads to worldwide depression / baseball stars Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Honus Wagner, Frank Frisch. . . of German descent 1933 Hitler appointed "Reichskanzler." Beginning of mass exodus of Jewish and non-Jewish intellectuals and artists from Nazi Germany, including Bauhaus members 1934 The Steuben Society and most German-Americans oppose Nazi movement in the USA / the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation (National Carl Schurz Association) publishes the "American-German Review" and assists refugees from Germany 1936 The German-American Bund (Deutsch-Amerikanischer Volksbund) with Fritz Kuhn as "Fuehrer," a Nazi organization 1937 The American Nazi Party claims 200,000 members 1939 Fritz Kuhn jailed for misappropriation of Bund funds / Hitler starts WW II with his Blitzkrieg against Poland 1940 Most of the 114,058 Germans coming to the USA between 1931 and 1940 are opposed to, or escape from, Nazi tyranny 1941 Following Pearl Harbor, Hitler declares war on the USA 1942 Gen. Eisenhower commands US Forces in the European theater. Like "Ike," Adm. Nimitz, Gen. Spaatz and others are also of German descent 1945 May 8, WW II in Europe ends with Germany's unconditional surrender / CARE packages and other American assistance during post war hunger period in West Germany-a big help 1948 The Marshall Plan, in conjunction with currency reform, jump starts the German economy into the "economic miracle" of postwar recovery 1949 The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic founded; Germany divided until 1990 1950 128,600 Germans immigrate 1952 Gen. Eisenhower elected President 1968 Society for German-American Studies established 1969 Wernher von Braun and other German-American scientists provide leadership for US space program and moon landing 1973 Fuerth-born Henry A. Kissinger becomes Secretary of State and receives Nobel Peace Prize 1976 US Bicentennial also marks beginning of "roots" awareness 1983 Tricentennial of German Immigration (landing of the "Concord" with 13 Krefeld families and founding of Germantown in 1683). German-American Day, Oct. 6, reinstated 1990 US Census: German-Americans are largest ethnic group / October 3, Germany reunited