HI William, you need to remove the -request from the list's address... or it comes to me the list manager... nelda the addy should be: AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com to get your message to the list... copy sent to the list... ----Original Message Follows---- From: Bill Pooler <maderarocks@kuhncom.net> To: AMREV-HESSIANS-L-request@rootsweb.com Subject: RE: (Hessian) Are our subscribers still with us Date: Tue, 1 Mar 2005 17:03:24 -0700 My name is William (Bill) Pooler. My Hessian ancestor was Johann Georg Schimmel of the 3rd English-Waldeck Regiment.

You bounced again... Don't know why...Nelda ----Original Message Follows---- From: "Barry" <cbarrfly@comcast.net> To: "Amrev-Hess-L" <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> CC: "BarryGmai" <cbarrfly@gmail.com>, "BarryCast" <cbarrfly@comcast.net> Subject: {not a subscriber} Christian Hess Rev War Veterans of Greene County Ohio Index Date: Tue, 1 Mar 2005 00:00:03 -0700 Revolutionary War Veterans of Greene County Ohio Index http://www.rootsweb.com/~ohgccogs/revware.htm#HName HESS, Christian, 184 Barry Wetherington

>>> I am researching my ancestor Philip CARREL born about 1776 in either >>> Pennsylvania or Germany. <<CLIP>> >>> I understand that approximately 5000 Hessians remained behind after the >>> Revolutionary War. This raises the possibility that my Philip Carrel >>> might have been a son of one of them, perhaps even an illegitimate son. >>> I need to find the records of surnames of Hessians who were sent here, >>> and search for surname CARREL or something close to that spelling, such >>> as Carle or Karl, etc. <<CLIP>> How strong do you feel about your "born about 1776" statement. The first Hesse-Cassel continguent arrived at New York 12 Aug 1776. In 1776 whether married or unmarried it still took nine months between conception and birth. In probability it was a consensual conception because if the name of the father was known, then rape probably can be eliminated. I don't have a complete set of references to all the German soldiers who served in the AWI; however, there were a bunch of men named Corell in the Regt v. Knyphausen. Here are the mostly likely to have fathered your Philip Carrel Andreas Corell from Schrecksbach, b. ca. 1748-49, Gemeiner [Private], 2nd co., Regt v. Knyphausen, wounded and taken POW at Trenton, incarcerated at Lancaster PA where he worked for George Coyer of Warwick, presumed exchanged in July 1778, presumed taken POW with the capture of the transports MOLLY and TRITON off Egg Harbor NJ in Sep 1779 and taken to the New Jail in Philadelphia. The May 1783 regimental Monatliche Listen still carries him as a POW so he probably remained in America. Konrad Corell from Merzhausen, Gemeiner [Private], co. 5, Regt v. Knyphausen, according to HETRINA III, first shows up as a POW in Sep 1779 which would be the MOLLY/TRITON capture. He, too, is still listed as a POW in May 1783. According to the daybook of Capitaine d'Armes Jeremias Kappes, his name was Johan Conrad Correll, he was b. 1751, Merzhausen Ziegenhain, stood 5 Fuß 5 Zoll one Striche, was of the Reformed church, unmarried, joined the regiment 12 Aug 1771, and was a Smith by occupation. Kappes noted those who died or deserted and he is not so noted. If he joined in 1771, then he should have appeared in the 1775 Stammrolle. HETRINA III lists rtice by surname only a Corell from Merzhausenin co. 5, Regt. v. Knyphausen -- He is b. ca. 1746-47 on the Apr 1775 Stammrolle and also on the list of those who avoided capture at Trenton. HETRINA III also lists a Konrad Corell of Merzhausen, b. ca. 1755-56, on the 1785 Stammrolle. There is a probability that these records all apply to the same man. There were two Henrich Corell's, both from Willingshausen, and both Gemeiners [Privates] in co. 4, Regt. v. Knyphausen. Both apparently were taken POW at Trenton. One was wounded and is listed in the March 1777 report as dying from battle causes. The other presumably was exchanged in July 1778. The other apparently worked for Captain Abraham Ferry of Rapho. Perhaps this is the same Henrich Corell from Allendorf found on the 1785 Stammrolle. Finally, there is a Wilhelm Corell of Treysa, b. ca 1751-53, Gemeiner [Private], co. 4, Regt. v. Knyhausen. He was taken POW at Trenton and worked for Samuel Wright of Boyd's Ferry while interred. Ziegenhain, now part of Schwalm-Eder-Kreis, was the garrison town for the Regt v. Knyhausen.Willingshausen center is about one mile west of Merzhausen and Schreksbach is about 2 to 2-1/2 miles east-southeast of Merzhausen. Ziegenhain is about three miles north of Merzhausen. These would all be local boys and probably brothers and or cousins of a sort. Check out: http://www.mapquest.com/maps/main.adp?country=DE There are other Corell's named in HETRINA III but none are real candidates to be your sower of wild oats. HETRINA II lists a Johannes Corell of Wiillingshausen, b. ca. 1748-49, Sergeant, co. 3., Regt Prinz Carl who died on non-battle-related causes in Feb 1783. I don't have HETRINA I or IV (Hesse-Cassel) at hand. HETRINA V is the Waldeck troops. HETRINA VI is the Hesse-Hanau troops. I don't see anything similar in the Ansbach-Bayreth records. For the Brunswick troops, you need to look at the works of Clifford Neal Smith (translating Helmut Hans Rimpau) or Claus Reuter. For the Anhalt-Zerbst troops go to Virginia DeMarce. The A-Z troops didnt come over until 1778 and never got out of Canada, so that is a low probabity source. Bob Brooks

Ron, Your: With an apology to the List and Host for maybe being 'off topic', Not off topic at all, anyone who does a good job should be told they did... Both of you sent good information... Keep it up! Just think of all the people that information will help in the future!! Thank you BOTH of you Nelda LM Pax et bonum! Nelda L. Percival nee Gilpin http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~gillock/ http://doodleartgraphics.com

With an apology to the List and Host for maybe being 'off topic', I've gotta say; Jane Curci, your follow-up web fact findings, never cease to amaze! Regards, Ron Ferry

Hello List, hello Eric... ...taking a shot with a blindfold on huh? Good luck, I did too, except I knew the name of my GGGG. Until you hear from someone else on the List and leaving the sorting of the various principalities and Divisions to you: CARL, Adam, b.Wetzlar, Hessen-Hanau Artillery. CARL, Fredrich, b. Braunschweig. Lt.Col.Lenz' Co.. KLÄRLE, Jacob, b.Steinau, Second Vacant Co.. KLERLE ?, Jacques, b. Steinau, Major v. Germann's Co.. CARLE, Heinrich, Maj.Matheus Co.. CARLE,Henry, work release/employer-Adam Orth, Lebanon, with prisoners John Hellebrand, Justus F(V)ogel, John Gersten. COLLE, Christian, "apparently Braunschweig, list of servant- prisoners, former master- Lt.von Hesler?" CARL, Gottfried, Brunswick Dragoons. CARLE, Pierre, Batt.Grenadier Vacant Graff,Capt.Hohenstein's Co.. CAUL, Freidrich, ...Vacant Graff, Maj.Hessenmueller's Co.. KOLLE, Johann, Brunswick Dragoons, Capt.von Schlageteuffel All of thess from various C.N.Smith monographs. I didn't add dates as my time is very limited and at this point, they likely wouldn't help you much. You can look for a repeat of one of these given names among your Philip's children. Using various spellings, you can also check "Filby's Passenger Lists" of 25(?) volumes for him prior to 1812. A daunting task, but I've scoured all of them 3 times (so far) for my emigrant. Again, good luck. Heinrich Forrer's, Ron Ferry ----- Original Message ----- From: "Eric Olson" <ericbear@pcweb.net> To: <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Saturday, February 26, 2005 2:46 PM Subject: [HESSIAN] Hessian Surname Records > I am researching my ancestor Philip CARREL born about 1776 in either Pennsylvania or Germany. <snipped> or something close to that spelling, such as Carle or Karl, etc. I don't know where to begin, and any help or comments would be much appreciated. <snipped> > Eric Olson

Hello, I am not related, just sharing. Jane Curci wmcurci@aol.com http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009& id=I02018 ID: I02018 Name: Frederic TISIUS <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/#s1">1</A> Sex: M Birth: 1760 in Hanover, Germany Death: SEP 1826 in Luray, Page Co, VA Event: Life Event 15 MAR 1780 Recruited into Von Heer Provost Guard Note: > Information for the Decious family was collected by Clarence William Decius > of the "Cornelius Decious Branch". He states: "All of Fredericks sons left > Virginia and went into Fairfield County Ohio, some went north into Ill and two > came West, John Decious made it to Janesville Calif, he lies at rest in > Susanville Calif...." > > 1780, March 15, Reading, PA. Enlisted in the Bartholomew Von Heer Provost > Guard. Via Clarence Decius: Montgomery's "History of Berks Co. Pa. in the > Revolution from 1774 to 1783", published 1894 and in the printed copy of PA. > Archives 59, Vol III, pgs 919, 920, 925, 927. > > According to M.A. Schwalm, of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association: > "...The von Heer Dragoon Guard--was a very elite horse company set up at the > request of Washington and approved by Congress. Traditionally it is the > beginning of the Military Police in the American Military Establishment... It now > appears that von Heer's Dragoons may have indeed served as Washington's > Bodyguard toward the end of the War." > > 1788, May 30, Shenandoah Valley, VA. Posted bond for marriage > > 1810 Federal Census, Shenandoah County, VA, pg. 180. Frederick Detious > (indexed as Detives) > 1 free white male < 10 (1800-1810) John Tishler > 1 free white male 10-16 (1794-1800) Abraham > 1 free white male 45+ (bef 1765) Frederick > 3 free white females < 10 (1800-1810) Barbara, Molly, Suzanne > 2 free white females 10-16 (1794-1800) Anna, Margaret, Polly > 1 free white female 16-26 (1784-1794) Elizabeth > 1 free white female 45+ (bef 1765) Magdalena > > 1818, July 3, VA. Land grant by Gov. James P. Preston for the Commonwealth > of Virginia. > > 1820 Federal Census, Shenandoah County, VA Pg 159 Frederick Deuous in > Isabella Furnace > (((((I don't know where the following information came from: I haven't > looked up this reference yet)))))) > 1 free white male < 10 years (1810-1820) Daniel?, Cornelius? > 1 free white male 10-16 years (1804-1810) John Tishler > 1 free white male impounded > 1 free white female < 10 (1810-1820) Molly?, Suzanne? > 2 free white females 10-16 (1804-1810) Anna, Margaret > 1 free white female 16-26 (1794-1804) Polly > 1 negro slave > > > > Marriage 1 <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02088">Magdalena HIESTAND</A> b: 9 JUN 1768 Married: 30 MAY 1788 in Shenandoah Valley, Page Co, VA <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/#s2">2</A> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/#s3">3</A>Children <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_is.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="131"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02775">Abraham DECIUS</A> b: BET. 1784 - 1789 in Page Co, VA <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_blank.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="826"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02090">Elizabeth DECIOUS</A> b: ABT. 1792 <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_is.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="131"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02092">Anna DECIOUS</A> b: ABT. 1794 <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_blank.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="826"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02021">Margaret DECIOUS</A> b: ABT. 1796 <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_blank.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="826"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02095">Polly DECIOUS</A> b: ABT. 1798 <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_blank.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="826"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02097">Barbara DECIOUS</A> b: ABT. 1800 <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_blank.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="826"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02098">Molly DECIOUS</A> b: ABT. 1802 <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_blank.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="826"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02781">Suzanne DECIOUS</A> b: ABT. 1804 <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_is.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="131"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I01663">John Tischler DECIOUS</A> b: 1810 in Luray, Page Co, VA <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_is.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="131"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02020">Daniel DECIUS</A> b: 1812 in VA <IMG SRC="http://img.rootsweb.com/wc/child_is.gif" WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" BORDER="0" DATASIZE="131"> <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02783">Cornelius DECIOUS</A> b: 1813 in Luray, Page Co, VA Marriage 2 <A HREF="http://worldconnect.genealogy.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:a18009&id=I02152">Sarah HUNT</A> Married: AFT. 1818 Sources: Title: Clarence Author: Clarence William Decius Publication: Typed and compiled by the author Note: Actual title is Recorded American History of the Tisius, Dicius, Decius, Dcious, DeCius Famiy 1780-1983. Until I finish putting in the source references, I leave it as Clarence. Repository: Note: Parts in possession of Ann Winder Call Number: Media: Manuscript Title: Shenandoah County Virginia Marriage Bonds 1772-1850 Author: Bernice M. Ashby Publication: Virginia Book Co, Berryville VA, 1967 Note: Pages copied by Cornelius Decious Repository: Call Number: Media: Book Page: Pg. 19 Text: Tissius Frederick --- Hestant, Madaline. May 30, 1788. Bondsman: Martin Tinter. Title: Hiestand Family of Page County, Virginia Author: David B. Trimble Publication: Copyright 1974, San Antonio, TX Note: David B. Trimble, 607 River Rd., San Antonio, TX 78212. Pertinent pages of this manuscript were copied by Clarence Decious. Repository: Call Number: Media: Manuscript Page: Pg. 2

Hello List, in a quick search for Bill Olsen's needle in a CARREL hay stack, I came across a soldier with a name I don't recall discussion about; Frederick DECIUS; "served as a physician and surgeon in the Hessian Army". Apparently settled in 'Luray Valley', VA. An interesting aside 'hit', from a Jr.High School history site for extra credits, the question; 'how much did Hessian soldiers boots weigh?' Answer: 12 lbs.. Regards, Ron Ferry

Hi Eric, First, try searching the archives for the name spelled as many ways as you can think of.. Then also search for the resource books that are listed. Almost every tag line (message at the bottom of an email) has the urls (addresses) for the Archives. Hopefully one of the other members can point you in the right direction.. Nelda List Manager Pax et bonum! Nelda L. Percival nee Gilpin http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~gillock/ http://doodleartgraphics.com

I am researching my ancestor Philip CARREL born about 1776 in either Pennsylvania or Germany. I have never been able to find any records of him prior to 1812, in western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio. He was a soldier in the War of 1812 and died in December 1813 while in service with the Regular U. S. Army at Fort Detroit. He had earlier served as a volunteer in Pennsylvania Militia. He appears on no census records, tax lists, church records or other documents of the time as far as I can determine, but his military records do exist at NARA. He and his wife Mary had nine minor children when he died in 1813, and court records of his estate administration and legal guardians for his children are found in Jefferson County, Ohio in 1818. The surname CARREL was spelled in various ways in his military records - but his descendants finally settled on CARROLL about 1850, which is how they spell it today. Recently I joined the Carroll surname Y-DNA family project in a last ditch effort to find Philip Carrel's origins. The initial results were surprising, as they clearly indicate an Eastern Europe origin, and almost no chance of being from the British Isles, Ireland, etc. These results also fairly exclude the Rhine Valley and the Palatinate. They point instead to eastern Germany (Sachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt), and Slovenia. (I can't imagine how a Slovenian might have been in Colonial America in the 1700s.) The Hessian soldiers however were from six German principalities including Sachsen and Sachsen-Anhalt, (Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt), and Ansbach-Bayreuth in Bavaria. Our Carrel Y-DNA matches that of men living in those areas today. I understand that approximately 5000 Hessians remained behind after the Revolutionary War. This raises the possibility that my Philip Carrel might have been a son of one of them, perhaps even an illegitimate son. I need to find the records of surnames of Hessians who were sent here, and search for surname CARREL or something close to that spelling, such as Carle or Karl, etc. I don't know where to begin, and any help or comments would be much appreciated. Eric Olson Carroll-DNA list administrator ericbear@pcweb.net

The question of legal naturalization is a good one. If the Minister of War was to give a certificate of legality where would those records be now? Surely a list would have been made. Does NARA have any such documents and how could they be accessed? They would be invaluable as links between the listing of Hessians deserting and their whereabouts afterward.. Ann

I have a question as to when and how a Hessian deserter would have become a "legal" citizen in the State of Virginia. According to a recent posting: [On August 27, 1782, Garrison orders were: "Every prisoner of war who has the desire to remain in this country shall be set free at once and receive a Certificate from the Minister of War permitting him to enjoy the liberties as a native of the country. In this case he must pay the sum of 80 dollars." Signed: John Wood, Colonel.] In this case, I assume it would render him a legal American citizen at that point. But what about deserters? If one had deserted and was essentially hiding out until the war was over, and then suddenly showed up on the 1783 Shenandoah County tax list and was recorded as marrying within six months after his troops boarded ships to return to Germany, would he be a "legal" citizen? If, a few years later, he were recorded in the Russell County Court records as having performed his civic duty, such as sitting on several juries, including grand juries, serving as a road surveyor, estate and slave appraiser, and being both a plaintiff and a witness in court proceedings, etc., would he not have to be a "legal" citizen? My brother John, who is an attorney, tells me that you must be a legal citizen to sit on juries (don't know if this was the case back then or not). My question is this: were the Germans who were deserters that were here after their fellow countrymen left just considered "legal" citizens by default, or was there a process that they needed to go through? Thanks, Marie Rasnick Fetzer

Was there a SOHN that was a Hessian Solider?

Hi, Could you give us a little more on him? dates/where from/ why you think there might be? Something more we can work with? Also try searching the archives using varations of that spelling... Nelda list manager Pax et bonum! Nelda L. Percival nee Gilpin http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~gillock/ http://doodleartgraphics.com

Hi Marie, Good Question... Are you and I connected from George Fetzer Shannadoah Valley, VA? (died 1792?) Is he the Hessian? Interesting we need to talk off list.. Nelda Pax et bonum! Nelda L. Percival nee Gilpin http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~gillock/ http://doodleartgraphics.com

Thanks Bob for your usual in depth authoritative information. My problem is the two Brunswicker Johann Weiss's, both reported killed at Bennington. My ancestor, Johann Weiss, was believed to be a Brunswicker because of his close association with Karl Haldermann (Convention Army), both of whom settled in the Blue Grass/Straight Creek area of Western Virginia. I'm trying to rationalize how my Johann Weiss, if a Brunswicker, might have slipped through the system and reappeared in Blue Grass. But perhaps it was the Hessen-Kassel Johannes Weiss S#131#8289-91 (provided by John Merz) who somehow worked his way from New York to Va after discharge -- perhaps via a land grant? and became acquainted with Karl Haldermann, their off spring then marrying. John White Seattle, WA I'm off to Apex Mountain skiing for 4 days so will be incommunicado.

>I suppose often times when a soldier did not show up for muster, it was >hard > to determine if he had been killed, deserted, or captured, unless there > was > some means for periodic exchange of information between the two sides. A German soldier serving during the AWI faced much of the same situation as today's soldier in a deployed military unit. Except in cases of detached duty, I doubt that 24 hours passed without his unit knowing he was missing. There would be daily musters and he had to get his rations. Like any army, there was a lot of "hurry up and wait" action. Remember, in the North the armies went into winter quarters when it got too cold to fight and in the South they went into summer quarters when it got too hot to fight. There would be picket duty and foraging parties. The majority of the units saw more combat in their first 18 months in America than they did during the remaining five and a half years of their deployment. The Brunswickers and the Hesse-Hanauers arrived at Quebec in May 1776 and surrendered at Saratoga in Oct 1777. The Hesse-Cassel troops arrived at New York in Aug 1776 and after going into winter quarters in Philadelphia at the end of 1777 had all the major battles behind them -- The New York campaign, Trenton, Brandywine and Germantown. When Yorktown surrendered in Oct 17814, only four German regiments were involved, two Hessian (Erbprinz, von Bose) and two Anspach-Bayreuth (von Voit, von Seybothen). As I recall, only Regt v. Bose marched from Charlestown (Charleston SC) throughout the south as part of Cornwallis's army on the march. The Anspach-Bayreuthers went to Norfolk with Benedict Arnold in Dec 1780. The Erbprinz Regt went to Portsmouth VA in March 1781. I think it probable that there were a few occasions where the French/Americans overran a British/German position and men were left on the battlefield and presumed dead or captured, the later categorization made by the reports of the last members of his unit to see him/them. My general observation is that men reported dead have reappeared so look at the date and try to determine whether the date matches a known combat. My intuition tells me that this was more prevalent in the Brunswick records than any other of the German States. I recall that five or six years ago on this list I encountered a cemetery record of a soldier reportedly being killed in the Saratoga campaign but was killed by lightning on that same date, several years later. As I recall, the name was Isene/Esena. Bob Brooks

I suppose often times when a soldier did not show up for muster, it was hard to determine if he had been killed, deserted, or captured, unless there was some means for periodic exchange of information between the two sides.

Thanks Bob, Your: I do not know whether any compensation went to heirs of the deceased. Comment... Probably not...Those Princes seemed to like to live pretty high so the families if they got any, I'm sure got very little... Good information. Every little bit helps though of us who are just learning... Nelda Pax et bonum! Nelda L. Percival nee Gilpin http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~gillock/ http://doodleartgraphics.com

> On this question of money, I understand that when a German soldier was > killed a payment was made by the British. Does anybody know to whom the > money was paid, how much, and the proof of death required to get payment. I failed to answer to whom the money was paid. In the case of Hesse-Hanau, it went to Crown Prince Wilhelm, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Casel, Reigning Count of Hanau, &c. I do not know whether any compensation went to heirs of the deceased.