<<<clip>>> I wonder if there > is a roster somewhere of those prisoners at these camps?? > Somehow, Christian ended his days as a POW at the camp in Reading, PA and > it > was from there that he indentured himself. HETRINA VI has the index to records at the archives in Marburg. I do not own a copy of HETRINA VI. I am told that there POW lists for the Hesse-Hanau Regiment Erbprinz (not to be confused with Hesse-Cassel Regiment Erbprinz) in the Library of Congress. Perhaps someone can expand on this. In the AMREV-HESSIAN-L archives search under <Albemarle> for material submitted by John Merz and Lion Miles. It'll will also provide you with additional references. I recommend that anyone interested in the Convention Army obtain a copy of the 2001 JOURNAL of the Johannes Schwalm Historical Association http://pages.prodigy.net/halschwalm/resumes/jshadx01.html Anton Adolf Heinrich Du Roi's Diary of the Convention Army's March from Massachusetts to Virginia, translated by Dr. Gerhard Friesen. This journal provides a day by day, mile-by-mile description of the 700 mile, 70 day winter march from Cambridge, Mass, to Charlottesville, Va. The same issue has additionial information re: the Hesse-Hanau Regiment Erbprinz prior to it surrendering with Burgoyne., viz- Journal of the Hessen-Hanau Infantry Regiment Erbprintz, Kept by Judge-Advocate Paul Wilhelm Schaeffer - March 1776 to April 1777, Plus Letters to his Parents, translated by Henry J. Retzer. Journal of the Hessen-Hanau Infantry Erbprinz Infantry Regiment - June to August 1777, Kept by Chaplain Philipp Theobald, translated by Henry J. Retzer. Back issues of the JOURNAL are available from the JSHA. http://www.jsha.org/publications.htm Happy reading. Bob Brooks

1) Who had to take the Oath of Allegiance in 1782 in Philadelphia? Would all former Hessian soldiers have to take such an Oath? 2) Is Hetrina on-line? I've looked for printed version at one genealogy library so far, but to no avail. 3) Was some kind of naturalization process required of Hessians who chose to stay in this country after the Revolution? Still looking for a Kleinschmidt turned Smith. Know about two such folks now: Lieutenant (or Ensign) Carl Wilhelm Kleinschmidt and Quartermaster Friedrich Jacob Kleinschmidt. Any ideas where Carl Kleinschmidt settled after the war? Thanks for any help. What a knowledgable bunch you are! Peggy Hendricks pphendricks@yahoo.com ____________________________________________________ Start your day with Yahoo! - make it your home page http://www.yahoo.com/r/hs

Schindler wrote: >Once again, I'm indebted to you. Thanks for the info and thanks to Don >Fehlings, too. >I'm learning a lot as I wade through the hundreds of entries in the >Archives. But, the more I learn, the more questions I seem to have. > >Right now, I'm trying to trace my Christian Schaeffer, who was a soldier in >the Hanau Erbprinz Regiment, Company 2, and from what John Merz says was his >capture at Saratoga. I've learned that the enlisted men were marched from >there to Winterhill and a year later to Charlottesville. I wonder if there >is a roster somewhere of those prisoners at these camps?? >Somehow, Christian ended his days as a POW at the camp in Reading, PA and it >was from there that he indentured himself. >Now---how/when was he transferred there? And that indenture--there must be >a record to whom somewhere?? >See what I mean--all those question marks ! > >Maybe someone on the list has some answers. And, thanks again, for all the >answers you've supplied. > >Jeri > > >----- Original Message ----- >From: "Bob Brooks" <rcbrooks@pivot.net> >To: <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> >Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2005 11:31 AM >Subject: @WL Re: [HESSIAN] Soldier ranks > > > > >>Jeri -- >> >>A "batman" is the British term for and officer's valet or servant. In >>German, he was called a "Bedienter." >> >>A "Chasseur" was the French term for the rank & file of a British "Light >>Infantry" company, one of the two "flank" companies in a British Regiment >> >> >of > > >>Foot (i.e., infantry) >> >> > > >==== AMREV-HESSIANS Mailing List ==== >For Hessian research in Canada contact the Marilyn Adams Genealogical Research Centre, Ameliasburg, Ontario e-mail 7thtownmagrc@kos.net or check the mail list archives of this list for address. >You can search the archives for a specific message or browse them, going from one message to another. >To search: http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/?list=AMREV-HESSIANS >To browse: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/AMREV-HESSIANS-L >**************** > >============================== >Search the US Census Collection. Over 140 million records added in the >last 12 months. Largest online collection in the world. Learn more: http://www.ancestry.com/s13965/rd.ashx > > > > I would also be interested in this topic as my husband's ancestor was also in that regiment [though unsure of his company - a grenadier]. Looking forward to posted responses. Toni H. St. Peters, MO HACHENBERGER and variants

Once again, I'm indebted to you. Thanks for the info and thanks to Don Fehlings, too. I'm learning a lot as I wade through the hundreds of entries in the Archives. But, the more I learn, the more questions I seem to have. Right now, I'm trying to trace my Christian Schaeffer, who was a soldier in the Hanau Erbprinz Regiment, Company 2, and from what John Merz says was his capture at Saratoga. I've learned that the enlisted men were marched from there to Winterhill and a year later to Charlottesville. I wonder if there is a roster somewhere of those prisoners at these camps?? Somehow, Christian ended his days as a POW at the camp in Reading, PA and it was from there that he indentured himself. Now---how/when was he transferred there? And that indenture--there must be a record to whom somewhere?? See what I mean--all those question marks ! Maybe someone on the list has some answers. And, thanks again, for all the answers you've supplied. Jeri ----- Original Message ----- From: "Bob Brooks" <rcbrooks@pivot.net> To: <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2005 11:31 AM Subject: @WL Re: [HESSIAN] Soldier ranks > Jeri -- > > A "batman" is the British term for and officer's valet or servant. In > German, he was called a "Bedienter." > > A "Chasseur" was the French term for the rank & file of a British "Light > Infantry" company, one of the two "flank" companies in a British Regiment of > Foot (i.e., infantry)

A Batman is a term for an officer's personal servant. It has long been traditional practice in European armies for officer's to have personal servants to relieve them of many daily tasks of personal maintenance such as clothing and shoe/boot care and cleaning, caring for bedding, providing water for personal hygiene, housekeeping of personal quarters, even shopping for food. Officer's, being often from the gentry classes, were accustomed to such services from their family household servants. This carried over to military service. Batmen were regular enlisted soldiers and often volunteered for this special duty. They received their basic pay from the Army. Officer's would usually provide a small additional allowance for their personal services. Don Fehlings Renton, Washington, USA Tel: 425/255-8588 Dfehlings@aol.com

Jeri -- A "batman" is the British term for and officer's valet or servant. In German, he was called a "Bedienter." A "Chasseur" was the French term for the rank & file of a British "Light Infantry" company, one of the two "flank" companies in a British Regiment of Foot (i.e., infantry) In German, he was called a "Jäger." The other "flank" company was a company of Grenadiers. During the War of Americance Independence, the British detached the flank companies and atteched them to composite battalions of Light Infantry or Grenadiers, as applicable. In the case of the Germans, the Jägers had already been detached from the infantry regiments. For the American campaign, the regiments from Hesse-Cassel and Brunswick had their Grenadiers detached and they deployed with Composite battalions of Grenadiers. I do not recognize the term "Anspesades." Bob Brooks ----- Original Message ----- From: "Schindler" <2shins@charter.net> To: <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Sunday, July 17, 2005 2:12 PM Subject: [HESSIAN] Soldier ranks > I'm woefully ignorant in things military. And the French language doesn't > help. Can someone enlighten me? > In reading rosters of Hanauers I find Colonel or Captain > Somebody-or-other "and his batman." > What is a batman? Or for that matter, "Anspesades." Are "Chasseurs" > infantry? > > Jeri >

I'm woefully ignorant in things military. And the French language doesn't help. Can someone enlighten me? In reading rosters of Hanauers I find Colonel or Captain Somebody-or-other "and his batman." What is a batman? Or for that matter, "Anspesades." Are "Chasseurs" infantry? Jeri

Hi Bob, Thanks for the reply. Here's a little more info...I received the letter recently (2005) from a distant cousin who originally received it from another distant cousin in 1987. The lady that originally wrote the letter in 1987 got the information from her father's files. He was born in 1893 and died in 1985 and according to the letters had the family traced back to the 1500's. Here is the part of the letter that mentions the American Consulate... "...Julian I'van Fisher and Rebecca I'llean (Irvington) Fisher were married in 1754 - from the Landgraves of Hesse-Cassel, Germany. Julian I'van Fisher is a son of Jewish parents which reflects back as far as the 13th century, pure Jewish ancestry. Born in 1701 in the Landgraves of Hesse-Cassel, Germany. He married Rebecca in 1754 in the Landgraves of Hesse-Cassel, Germany. The marriage record is 18,182 - page 165 Section A. The American Consulate Letter File -Private 18,542 and Section 54 gives the ascendency is pure Jewish blood as far back as the 13th century...." [Julian and Rebecca Fisher are the parents of John, Jacob, and Emeritus - all three of whom were Hessian soldiers.] When Nelda suggested I try the Consulate in New York (thanks Nelda!), I went looking for it on the internet and found a website... http://www.germany-info.org/relaunch/info/missions/consulates/newyork/newyork.html Click on Information Services --> Consular Services --> Other Consular Services --> Genealogy. I assume that when he did his research that he used the Consular's Services and did not go to Germany, so maybe when the letter says "The American Consulate Letter" that was just his way of documenting it. I don't know for sure, but sure would like to see that letter if is does indeed exist. I am also still looking for the originator of the letter who has since moved (she would be about 77 now) because she also mentioned in it that she had her father's files put into a storage area because she didn't think anyone else was interested. Stacey ----- Original Message ----- From: "Bob Brooks" <rcbrooks@pivot.net> To: <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> Cc: <stacey.23@insightbb.com> Sent: Saturday, July 16, 2005 5:49 PM Subject: Re: [HESSIAN] American Consulate Document Question > Stacey -- > > There is something "fishy" with this report of a letter from the "American > Consulate." Remember, America -- The United States of America -- didn't > exist until the peace of 1783 and until 1789 there was only an interim > government. In 1754 every the "original states" were provinces/colonies of > Great Britain. > > Given that the letter is correctly identified, then the date of the letter > is extremely important. This sounds like something to do with immigration. > Many of the records of the various "Hessian" soldiers who served in America > 1776-1783 stated the soldiers' religion -- I have seen Catholic, Reformed, > Evangelist, and rarely Jewish all enumerated. I may be naive but ask "Why > would the American government be interested in Jewish roots going back to > the 13th century." The letter sounds like something from the 1930s or very > early 1940s where a German-Jew was attempting to seek religious asylum in > the USA. When Germany & the USA declared war, the US Embassy and all the > consular offices in Germany were closed. > > Old "American Consulate" letters would be found in the National Archives > somewhere in the State Department collections. Embassies and Consular > office records doubtless will be organized by issuing Embassy/Consulate and > date of issue. Somewhere you should be ablle to identify the Consulate > involved. > > Bob Brooks > > > ----- Original Message ----- > From: "Stacey Maddox" <stacey.23@insightbb.com> > To: <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> > Sent: Saturday, July 16, 2005 3:32 PM > Subject: [HESSIAN] American Consulate Document Question > > > > Hi, > > > > I have recently received a letter from a distant cousin who's father had > > researched my Hessian ancestor (Fisher) as far back as the 13th century. > > However, I've only been able to get names back 3 generations. Anyway, the > > letter says that my 4th Great-Grandparents were married 1754 in the > > Landgraves of Hesse-Cassel, Germany and documentation giving "American > > Consulate Letter File" with the record number, page number, and section > > number. It also says that the ancestry is pure Jewish blood as far back > > as the 13th century and that is documented in "American Consulate Letter > > File" with a private number and section number. > > > > How would I go about getting copies of these American Consulate Letters? > > > > Thanks, > > > > Stacey > >

Stacey -- There is something "fishy" with this report of a letter from the "American Consulate." Remember, America -- The United States of America -- didn't exist until the peace of 1783 and until 1789 there was only an interim government. In 1754 every the "original states" were provinces/colonies of Great Britain. Given that the letter is correctly identified, then the date of the letter is extremely important. This sounds like something to do with immigration. Many of the records of the various "Hessian" soldiers who served in America 1776-1783 stated the soldiers' religion -- I have seen Catholic, Reformed, Evangelist, and rarely Jewish all enumerated. I may be naive but ask "Why would the American government be interested in Jewish roots going back to the 13th century." The letter sounds like something from the 1930s or very early 1940s where a German-Jew was attempting to seek religious asylum in the USA. When Germany & the USA declared war, the US Embassy and all the consular offices in Germany were closed. Old "American Consulate" letters would be found in the National Archives somewhere in the State Department collections. Embassies and Consular office records doubtless will be organized by issuing Embassy/Consulate and date of issue. Somewhere you should be ablle to identify the Consulate involved. Bob Brooks ----- Original Message ----- From: "Stacey Maddox" <stacey.23@insightbb.com> To: <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Saturday, July 16, 2005 3:32 PM Subject: [HESSIAN] American Consulate Document Question > Hi, > > I have recently received a letter from a distant cousin who's father had > researched my Hessian ancestor (Fisher) as far back as the 13th century. > However, I've only been able to get names back 3 generations. Anyway, the > letter says that my 4th Great-Grandparents were married 1754 in the > Landgraves of Hesse-Cassel, Germany and documentation giving "American > Consulate Letter File" with the record number, page number, and section > number. It also says that the ancestry is pure Jewish blood as far back > as the 13th century and that is documented in "American Consulate Letter > File" with a private number and section number. > > How would I go about getting copies of these American Consulate Letters? > > Thanks, > > Stacey

Hi, I have recently received a letter from a distant cousin who's father had researched my Hessian ancestor (Fisher) as far back as the 13th century. However, I've only been able to get names back 3 generations. Anyway, the letter says that my 4th Great-Grandparents were married 1754 in the Landgraves of Hesse-Cassel, Germany and documentation giving "American Consulate Letter File" with the record number, page number, and section number. It also says that the ancestry is pure Jewish blood as far back as the 13th century and that is documented in "American Consulate Letter File" with a private number and section number. How would I go about getting copies of these American Consulate Letters? Thanks, Stacey

Hi Stacy, I'd call the American Consolate in New York and ask.... or maybe email them... But if anyone can tell you how they can.. Nelda Nelda L. Percival nee Gilpin, IBSSG http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~gillock/ http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~bonsteinandgilpin/

Although I cannot establish the fact that this family descends from a Hessian soldier, I have some interesting facts concerning this name, as connected to another descendant from a Hessian soldier. The Johannes Caspar Losee/Losey, who is believed to be a Hessian deserter, who settled in the Sussex County, NJ, had a son, Johann George Losey, who had a daughter, named Sarah Carsbaugh Losey/Locy. I have been unable to find any family connection to the Carsbaughs, but obviously there had to be. After deserting, the originator of this Losey family hid in the area of Stillwater with other deserters, among the earlier German settlers, deciding to make his home here. This area was strongly German prior to the Revolution. Hope this helps in some way. What area is the name Carsbaugh you refer to found? It would be interesting to persue this. Yvonne ----- Original Message ----- From: "Bible, Jimmie L. (Jr.)" <jbible@liberty.edu> To: <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> Sent: Monday, July 04, 2005 7:29 AM Subject: [HESSIAN] Carbaugh or Kerbaugh or Karbaugh > Hello List, > > > > I am seeking information on a possible Hessian soldier. I have very > little information on him. Family traditions says that the family came > from a Hessian soldier. The name is Carbaugh today, but suppossly it was > spelled with a "K" during the revolutionary war, so it would have been > Karbaugh or Kerbaugh with no known first name. Any help in this matter > would be greatly appreciated. > > > > Jimmy Bible > > > > ==== AMREV-HESSIANS Mailing List ==== > Please stick to our published subject - Hessian Soldiers of the > American Revolution, not WWII or the Civil War. No other Immigrants. > You can search the archives for a specific message or browse them, going from one message to another. > To search: http://listsearches.rootsweb.com/?list=AMREV-HESSIANS > To browse: http://archiver.rootsweb.com/AMREV-HESSIANS-L > > ============================== > Find your ancestors in the Birth, Marriage and Death Records. > New content added every business day. Learn more: > http://www.ancestry.com/s13964/rd.ashx >

this is the last.. Table of Contents http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/kade/adams/toc.html Preface: Dear Reader Chapter One: Seven Million Germans Were Once "Foreigners" Chapter Two: Why Germans Left Home Chapter Three: Whereto? Germans Joined Germans Chapter Four: Inequality: Incomes, Occupations, Social Structure Chapter Five: Likes Attract: German Clubs and the Display of "Germanness" Chapter Six: German-American Churches and Schools Chapter Seven: German or English? Chapter Eight: Ethnic Politics: German-Americans as Voters and Office-Seekers Chapter Nine: Xenophobia: American Nativism Chapter Ten: American Laws Regulating Immigration and Asylum Chapter Eleven: Integration: The Ideas of Cultural Pluralism A German-American Chronology http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/kade/adams/biblio.html Bibliography http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/kade/adams/biblio.html Illustration Credits The Authors German Information Center (GIC) Whereas the bibliography in the original edition included only items in German, ours is limited to titles in English. No effort was made to reproduce via the bibliography the sources from which the quotes in the running original text were taken. Most are contained in the text itself. Scholars will want to consult the original German for details of these texts. Listed below, then, are books covering a range of general and specific studies, but excluding journal articles quoted in the text or otherwise worth mentioning. We refer therefore to available bibliographies, including Don H. Tolzmann, German Americana: A Bibliography, Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1975, and the annual bibliography of the field published in the Yearbook of German American Studies, Lawrence, KS: Max Kade Document and Research Center. Other excellent general references are the quarterly Newsletter of the Society for German-American Studies which lists new publications [SGAS Newsletter, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN 55057], and The Brethren Encyclopedia in three volumes, 313 Fairview Ave., Ambler, PA 19002. All of the following entries provide selected bibliographies and prolific footnotes. Arndt, Karl J. R. and May E. Olson. The German Language Press of the Americas, 3 vols. Pullach: Verlag Dokumentation, 1973, and New York: K. G. Saur, 1980. Baxter, Angus. In Search of Your German Roots: A Complete Guide to Tracing Your Ancestors in the Germanic Areas of Europe. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1987. Billigmeier, Robert. Americans from Germany: A Study in Cultural Diversity. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1974. Conzen, Kathleen Neils. "The Germans," in Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups. Stephan Thernstrom, ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1980, 406-425. Faust, Albert B. The German Element in the United States. New York: Steuben Society, 1927. Galicich, Anne. The German Americans. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1989. Geitz, Henry, ed. The German-American Press. Madison: Max Kade Institute at the University of Wisconsin, 1992. Hawgood, John A. The Tragedy of German- America. New York: Arno, 1970. Hobie, Margaret. Museums, Sites and Collections of German Culture in North America. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1980. Hostetler, John A., ed. Amish Roots. A Treasury of History, Wisdom and Lore. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. Immigrant in America Microfilm Collection. Unit 5:The Germans, Reels 148-180. Woodbridge, CT: Research Publications, 1984. Many earlier German publications. Kamphoefner, Walter D. The Westfalians: From Germany to Missouri. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987. Kamphoefner, Walter D., Wolfgang Helbich, and Ulrike Sommer, eds. Trans. Susan Carter Vogel. News from the Land of Freedom. German Immigrants Write Home. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1991. Keller, Phyllis. States of Belonging. German- American Intellectuals and the First World War. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979. Kloss, Heinz. Atlas of German-American Settlements. Marburg: N. G. Elwert, 1974. Levine, Bruce. The Spint of 1848. German Immigrants, Labor Conflict, and the Coming of the Civil War. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1992. Luebke, Frederick C. Bonds of Loyalty: German Americans and World War I. DeKalb: University of Northern Illinois Press, 1974. Luebke, Frederick C. Germans in the New World. Essays in the History of Immigration. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1990. Moltmann, Gunter, ed. Germans to America: 300 Years of Immigration 1683-1983. Stuttgart: Institute for Foreign Cultural Relations, 1983. Parsons, William T. The Pennsylvania Dutch: A Persistent Minonty. Boston: Twayne, 1976. Piltz, Thomas. The Americans and the Germans. Munich: Heinz Moos, 1977. Rippley, LaVern J. The German-Amencans. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1984. Thode, Ernest. German-English Genealogical Dictionary. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing, 1992. Totten, Christine M. Roots in the Rhineland. America's German Hentage in Three Hundred Years of Immigration 1683-1983. New York: German Information Center, 1988 (revised). Trommler, Frank and Joseph McVeigh. America and the Germans. An Assessment of a Three- Hundred-Year History. 2 Vols. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1985. Walker, Mack. Germany and the Emigration, 1816- 1885. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964. Wersich, Rüdiger, ed. Carl Schurz. Revolutionary and Statesman. His Life in Personal and Official Documents with Illustrations. Munich: Heinz Moos, 1979. Wilcox, Walter F., ed. Intemational Migrations. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1969. Vol. I, 313-389. Vol. II, 686-709. Wittke, Carl. Refugees of Revolution: The German Forty-Eighters in America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1952. Wust, Klaus. Three Hundred Years of German Immigrants in North America, 1683-1983. A Pictorial History with 510 Illustrations. Baltimore/Munich: Heinz Moos, 1983. Barry Barry Wetherington

Opps skipped #3 1921 First Quota Law Limits immigration 1923 Supreme Court rules prohibiting German in schools unconstitutional / Charles P Steinmetz, GE's wizrd of electricity, dies / Inflation rocks young German republic / Hitler arrested after failing to seize power in Munich 1928 Herbert Hoover (Huber) elected -- first president of German ancestry 1929 "Black Friday" on New York Stock Exchange leads to worldwide depression / baseball stars Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Honus Wagner, Frank Frisch. . . of German descent 1933 Hitler appointed "Reichskanzler." Beginning of mass exodus of Jewish and non-Jewish intellectuals and artists from Nazi Germany, including Bauhaus members 1934 The Steuben Society and most German-Americans oppose Nazi movement in the USA / the Carl Schurz Memorial Foundation (National Carl Schurz Association) publishes the "American-German Review" and assists refugees from Germany 1936 The German-American Bund (Deutsch-Amerikanischer Volksbund) with Fritz Kuhn as "Fuehrer," a Nazi organization 1937 The American Nazi Party claims 200,000 members 1939 Fritz Kuhn jailed for misappropriation of Bund funds / Hitler starts WW II with his Blitzkrieg against Poland 1940 Most of the 114,058 Germans coming to the USA between 1931 and 1940 are opposed to, or escape from, Nazi tyranny 1941 Following Pearl Harbor, Hitler declares war on the USA 1942 Gen. Eisenhower commands US Forces in the European theater. Like "Ike," Adm. Nimitz, Gen. Spaatz and others are also of German descent 1945 May 8, WW II in Europe ends with Germany's unconditional surrender / CARE packages and other American assistance during post war hunger period in West Germany-a big help 1948 The Marshall Plan, in conjunction with currency reform, jump starts the German economy into the "economic miracle" of postwar recovery 1949 The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic founded; Germany divided until 1990 1950 128,600 Germans immigrate 1952 Gen. Eisenhower elected President 1968 Society for German-American Studies established 1969 Wernher von Braun and other German-American scientists provide leadership for US space program and moon landing 1973 Fuerth-born Henry A. Kissinger becomes Secretary of State and receives Nobel Peace Prize 1976 US Bicentennial also marks beginning of "roots" awareness 1983 Tricentennial of German Immigration (landing of the "Concord" with 13 Krefeld families and founding of Germantown in 1683). German-American Day, Oct. 6, reinstated 1990 US Census: German-Americans are largest ethnic group / October 3, Germany reunited

1861 The Civil War (1861-65) / German-American militia safeguard Missouri for the Union / Julius Sturges brings first pretzel on the market in Lititz, PA 1862 Homestead Act / Sioux Uprising in Minnesota. Attack on the German Turner town of New Ulm, MN 1865 Union army volunteers born in Germany numbered 5,000; 41 reached the rank of Major General / Young Count Zeppelin spent some time as a balloon observer 1866 After Prussia' victory over its archrival, Austria is no longer a member state of the German Federation / Adolf Pfannenschmidt from Rinteln founds Pfannenschmidtstadt-better known today as Hollywood! 1867 America's first Socialist party formed in New York City 1870 San Antonio, TX is 50% German / The Franco-Prussian War (1870-71); Chancellor Otto von Bismarck unites German states in the "Second Reich" (1871-1918) 1872 Brewers Philip Best, Valentin Blatz, Franz Falk,Frederick Miller, Jacob Obermann, Frederick Pabst, Joseph Schlitz and others make Milwaukee the leading beer exporter 1873 Bismarck's 14-year "Kulturkampf"-power struggle with Catholicism over control of education, civil marriage, and church appointments-motivates Catholic emigration 1877 Carl Schurz, Secretary of the Interior (1877­81) 1878 Bismarck's Socialist Law leads to wave of Social Democrat emigration / "New Yorker Volkszeitung" becomes organ of Socialist-Labor party 1880 Wisconsin has more German-Americans than any other state / 25 breweries in Cincinnati 1882 250,630 German immigrants-more than in any other year 1883 15,000 German Mennonites from Russia settle in Kansas / Brooklyn Bridge opens -- built by the Roeblings 1884 Ottmar Mergenthaler revolutionizes type-setting 1886 The Haymarket Riots in Chicago lead to arrest and execution of radical socialist editor August Spies of the "Arbeiter Zeitung" 1888 Some 800 German-language publications represent more than 50% of America's foreign language press 1893 Hesse-born John PeterAltgeld becomes Governor of Illinois 1901 The National German-American Alliance founded 1904 St. Louis Germans bring the "hamburger" on the market 1910 German-Americans developed 672,000 farms on a total area of 100,000,000 acres (an estimate) 1914 WW I begins in Europe. Pres.Wilson issues proclamations of neutrality / Frederick Weyerhaeuser, German-born lumber king, dies. His fortune: $300,000,000 1915 A German-American, Irish-American Alliance formed to keep the US out of the war 1917 The US enters the conflict. Anti-German hysteria throughout the country; German-language instruction ends in most states; hundreds of German-language publications cease to exist; many a Schmidt changes to Smith 1918 End of WW l; the imperial "Second Reich" ends / National German-American Alliance dissolved 1919 Germany's "Weimar Republic" founded / German instruction banned in Indiana and Nebraska / Steuben Society founded 1920 Prohibition until 1933

1835 The Giessen-Society aims at a "New German Fatherland" in America; this and similar attempts failed / Philadelphia Maennerchor founded 1836 Hermann, MO founded; its wines gain national recognition 1837 Pennsylvania publishes laws and governors' messages also in German 1840 German Lutherans found Concordia College, Ft. Wayne, IN / First "Volksfest" celebrated in Richmond, VA 1842 William Bouck (Bauk) becomes Governor of New York 1843 German Inspirationists settle near Buffalo and later move to Amana, IA 1844 German aristocrats found the "Mainzer Adelsverein"for settlement in Texas. They build New Braunfels and Fredericksburg 1845 First German Workers Organization founded in New York City 1847 Lutheran Missouri Synod organized, C.F.W. Walther, president 1848 The German Revolution for "unity, justice and freedom" / J.J. Astor donates $400,000 for the Astor Public Library in New York City / New York's Germania Orchestra founded / Cincinnati Turnverein founded 1849 Arrival of "Forty-Eighters" after the failed democratic revolution in Germany / First national "Saengerfest" of the North American Singers Union in Cincinnati / J.A. Sutter loses his land and fortune in the California gold rush 1850 Wilhelm Weitling and Hermann Kriege found the "Bund der Arbeiter" (Workers' League) / Levi Strauss produces first jeans 1853 Heinrich Steinweg creates the Steinway piano in New York 1854 221,253 German immigrants arrive in this peak year 1856 Mrs. Carl Schurz establishes first American Kindergarten in Watertown, Wl 1859 Abraham Lincoln acquires the "Illinois Staatsanzeiger" paper and struggles through German grammar

Hi, This bounced to me for size....It is from Barry ----Original Message Follows---- From: "Barry Wetherington" <cbarrfly@comcast.net> To: "AmRevHess-L" <AMREV-HESSIANS-L@rootsweb.com> CC: "BarryGmai" <cbarrfly@gmail.com>, "BarryCast" <cbarrfly@comcast.net> Subject: German-American Chronology perspective Date: Mon, 11 Jul 2005 21:05:36 -0600 Hello List, This is an interesting site for a German / US perspective from 1608. The site itself contains images and emphasis. Assuming the properties of this msg are retained, expanding the width will provide add'l perspective. Barry http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/kade/adams/chrono.html A German-American Chronology "1776 The Great American Revolution / Braunschweiger and Hessian troops land in Quebec (and introduce the decorated Christmas tree to North America); more than 10,000 remained in America " " 1777 Major F. von Heer commands Gen. Washington's German body-guards" . . . . . . . . . ==================================== 1608 Some Germans accompany Captain John Smith, founder of Jamestown, VA 1618 Thirty Years' War devastates Germany; the country disintegrates into numerous independent principalities 1626 The Rhinelander Peter Minuit (Minnewit) -- director of the Dutch colony-purchases Manhattan from the Indians and builds Ft. New Amsterdam 1633 First publication in Germany encouraging emigration to America 1638 Peter Minuit founds the New Sweden colony 1661 Georg Hack from Cologne settles in Maryland 1668 Researcher and explorer Johann Lederer from Hamburg arrives 1670 Hudson Bay Co. founded with Prince Ruprecht as governor 1676 Nikolaus de Meyer from Hamburg becomes Mayor of New York 1683 Mennonites and Quakers arrive on the "Concord"and found Germantown, PA with Francis Daniel Pastorius as their leader / Vienna defended against Turkish invasion 1688 Germantown's Pastorius pens first protest against slavery 1689 French armies push toward Rhine and burn Heidelberg castle 1691 British execute Frankfurt-born Jacob Leisler, first elected governor of New York and champion of American independence 1709 First mass emigration from the Palatinate (Pfalz) 1710 650 Palatines and Swiss settle at New Bern, NC 1720 Augsburg and Marienthal founded in Louisiana 1728 Seventh-Day Adventists under Conrad Beissel build Ephrata Cloisters in Pennsylvania 1732 The "Philadelphische Zeitung" (newspaper) appears 1733 Schwenkfelders from Silesia arrive in Pennsylvania 1734 Salzburg Protestants come to Georgia 1735 Printer John Peter Zenger's acquittal -- landmark victory for freedom of the press / Moravians (Herrnhuters) under Count Zinzendorf settle in Georgia 1736 Moravians found Bethlehem,Nazareth, and Lititz, PA 1739 "Germantauner Zeitung" publ. by Christopher Saur / Conrad Beissel at Ephrata publ. first hymnal in America 1741 President Eisenhower's ancestor-Hans N. Eisenhauer-arrives 1743 First Bible printed in America by Christopher Saur-in German 1764 German Society for the Protection of Immigrants in Philadelphia 1768 Barbara Heck, German-lrish, founds first Methodist church in New York 1772 Pennsylvania Germans ("Dutchmen") form their own militias / Moravians found Schoenbrunn mission in Ohio 1776 The Great American Revolution / Braunschweiger and Hessian troops land in Quebec (and introduce the decorated Christmas tree to North America); more than 10,000 remained in America 1777 Gen. von Steuben trains American army / Molly Pitcher (Maria Ludwig) fights in several battles / Christopher Ludwig is the army's director of baking / Major F. von Heer commands Gen. Washington's German body-guards / Gen. Nicholas Herkimer and the Germans of the Mohawk Valley defeat the British at Oriskan 1779 Gen. von Steuben writes first handbook for U.S. Army 1783 First German brass band founded in Philadelphia 1784 Johann Jacob Astor arrives and becomes richest American / German Society for the Protection of Immigrants founded in New York 1786 Prussia's Frederick the Great recognizes the independent USA 1804 The Harmonists under George Rapp arrive in Pennsylvania. Their Indiana settlement, Neu Harmonie (1814- 824), becomes the economic "Wonder of the West" 1806 Defeated by Napoleon, The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ceases to exist 1807 Martin Baum, riverboat pioneer on the Ohio and Mississippi, becomes mayor of Cincinnati 1815 Boston's Germans found Handel and Haydn Society / Napoleon defeated by British and Prussian forces 1817 Joseph Baumeler and his German separatists found the Zoar commune in Ohio 1819 The Passenger Act by Congress ends redemptioner trade 1820 Joseph Heister becomes Governor of Pennsylvania 1823 First all-German singing society founded in Cincinnati 1825 German introduced at Harvard University / Harmonists build their third town, Old Economy, now part of Ambridge, PA 1827 Francis Lieber from Berlin begins editing the Encyclopaedia Americana in Boston 1829 Gomried Duden's published travel report encourages thousands of Germans to America, esp. Missouri

Bob: Thanks. I often find that the Asbury Park Press has not done their homework, but it is the best paper we have around here. Either you or I should post the true story to the Amrev-Hessian List. Bob Dirlam

Thanks to Robert Sulentic and Ed Maul for the recommendations on the history of Hessian military units. I've located copies of several of their recommendations. Jim Funkhouser

[continued from Part 1] I send you herewith enclosed an Account of the State and Condition of Assistance since the doleful Accident in question happened: and as soon as I shall have taken in her provisions, and Water wherewith we are supplying ourselves with from the Bridgewater and Juno Transports; I shall forthwith sail for Barbadoes, according to my last of the 28th Ultimo being at present in such a state of mind as to be scarce capable of signing my Name. I have the Honor to be Sir your most obedient Humble Servant Chs Douglas PS We learnt this Morning from the Mate of the Bridgewater, that he saw the Deserters in the Long Boat shift her Birth to a considerable distance from the place where they first put her onshore, before they made any attempt to quit her - The Seaman who went in the Barge was born in Staten Island, and some of the Gentlemen had represented, that they were well acquainted with these shores. I beg that you may be pleased to move my Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty to cause authenticated copies of the late Treaties of Peace with France & America as also that made with France at Paris in the Year 1762; to be transmitted to me forasmuch as the same may relate to the duties of my Station. The Bridgewater Transport has been in a dangerous situation, for want of Ground Tackle; having had only one Bower and a small Anchor left; Captn Stone* has by my order; supply'd her with a Bower Anchor; and a Bower Cable from the Hermione for which the proper receipts will be by him transmitted to the Navy Board - The Bodies of the deceased are to be to morrow interred at Sandy Hook with due Honours and every possible mark of respect 4 Jany 1784 We learn that three more Bodies, have been found, and interred by the Americans on the Jersey Shore so that now only one remains unaccounted for, whom we fear may also be numbered with the Dead. 5 Jany 1784 I have just receiv'd information that the Person above unaccounted for has been also found & buried by the Americans on the Jersey Shore Chs Douglas [names in the margin] Lieut [Honble Hamilton Douglas­-]Hallyburton** Lt [James] Champion (Marines) Mr Rt Haywood Mid Chas Gascoigne do Wm Spry Do Geo. Towers Do Geo. Faddy Do Wm Scott Do Davd Reddie Do Alex. Johnstone Do Missing Andw Hamilton Mid Robt Wood Do Wm Tomlinson Do Jno McChain Seaman ------- * Presumably Captain John Stone, RN (rank: 23 Aug 1781). Sir Charles' flag captain in June 1784 onboard Assistance.was Captain William Bentinck (rank: 15 Sep 1783). ** He was born 10 Oct 1763, the son of Solto Charles Douglas, the 14th Earl of Morton (1732-1774), and brother of the 15th Earl. He inherited certain estates at Pictur from his grandmother, nee Agnes Hallyburton, heiress of Pictur, daughter of James Hallyburton, who was the first wife of James Douglas, 13th Earl of Morton; hence the hyphenated surname. Presumably he also was some relation to Sir Charles Douglas, Bart. Normally a 20 year old Lieutenant would not be the First Lieutenant of a 4th-Rate, 50-gun ship.