I did get in a little time at the library today between disasters on the home front, and I got a few preliminary results regarding my (and a few others on this list) Patriot-Revolutionary-Loyalists. But first, a quick note that's actually on-topic for the topic police. I had asked earlier about the festivities of about October 1780 in Vermont that gave rise to several "Alarms." Well, it turns out that the main event in all of that was a British-led Indian raid on Royalton, Vermont, which aforesaid town was burned down. If you remember the French And Indian War, well, looks like maybe what the Vermonters had on their hands was a sort of Redcoat And Indian War. Off-list, another list member mentioned she had an ancestor who had served at Castleton, Vermont. I learned that the Vermonters held a fort at Castleton to guard against the Redcoats And Indians. In western Vermont, the area north of Castleton had been evacuated. Two other forts held by the Vermonters were at Rutland and Pittsford. The above doesn't necessarily apply to eastern Vermont. Now, about my Rebel Loyalists (Rev. War vets who had fought on OUR side AGAINST the Redcoats And Indians), who took off for Quebec in about 1803 and somehow got Loyalist labels: I had guessed there had been some sort of opportunity for new cheap land up there, and they went for it. Maybe there was even advertising in Vermont for settlers up yonder. Well, my preliminary library swoop shows that there was just such a thing. My day was too chaotic to get good, firm stuff, but in a nutshell, the British had wanted to fill up a buffer zone between the U.S. and Canada with people loyal to Britain. This would quarantine the U.S. Especially in Ontario, especially about 1790-1800, the authorities recruited loyalist and loyalist-oriented people from the U.S. and other places to settle this Canadian buffer zone. They even went so far as to advertise in places like Vermont. (Probably some sort of word-of-mouth.) Canadian private speculators got in on it, which made the history of the episode really messy. What the Canadian officials got from the U.S. were some Loyalists but also lots of "neo-Loyalists" and scads of "quasi-Loyalists." All were required to sign loyalty oaths to Britain -- thus, names hit the record books -- though the loyalty oaths fizzled out after awhile. I think "neo-Loyalists" were people who were British-leaning and didn't take all that much enticing to change labels. And "quasi-Loyalists" were probably just Yankees using their Ingenuity -- doing whatever it took to cash in on a good deal, and if they needed to lie about their politics, well, so be it. This sort of thing spilled over into Quebec, and it seems to have gone on more or less until the War of 1812. Things seem fuzzy after about 1800. I think my guys first went to extreme eastern Ontario, but had difficulties there, so they tried again at very western Quebec, in the Argenteuil (sp?) area, Quebec, I think at Lachute. So, that is sort of the drift of my findings so far, though today was utter chaos, so my above sketch is no doubt wobbly. I'd appreciate any corrections or additions. Lester Powers lesterps@juno.com in southern California, where the libraries are nearly free of things eastern ________________________________________________________________ GET INTERNET ACCESS FROM JUNO! Juno offers FREE or PREMIUM Internet access for less! Join Juno today! For your FREE software, visit: http://dl.www.juno.com/get/web/.