Good Morning, All! A number of years ago, I happened upon information and suggestions on how to research German ancestors on one of the genealogy websites, can't remember which one now, though. In this information they made mention of German couples having and raising children out of wedlock. I cannot remember the entire article now, but it said it was a type of fully-acceptable "tradition" at one time. Many unmarried couples simply raised families without the benefit of marriage. It wasn't until well after their families were established that many of them married. In addition, oftentimes the woman continued to use her maiden surname even after marriage. If I can remember which website I read this on, I'll post the address on this list. Just don't hold your breaths waiting for it, since I bypassed "forgetful" at least five years ago and am now well into my "senility" years. (lol) -Kat-