Date: Mon, 18 May 1998 20:24:41 -0500 From: Albert Gravois <algravois@mobiletel.com> Reply-To: algravois@mobiletel.com Organization: insurance X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01C-KIT (Win95; U) To: jaldrich@wsii.com Subject: Louisiana Alldridge Hi, I am looking for the ancestors of a William Comstock and Rachel Alldridge. They had a daughter named Rosalie Marie Comstock who married Ursin Augustin Aucoin on 4 January 1840 at Thibodaux, Lafourche Parish, Louisiana. Can you help to find Rachel's ancestors? Thanks, Patty Whitney Gravois, algravois@mobiletel.com John Aldrich W1WLG, Portsmouth RI e-mail: jaldrich@wsii.com Home page: http://www.wsii.com/users/jaldrich/ and http://www.qsl.net/w1wlg/

Hi All: Jacob 3 Bartlett married Sarah ________. No idea who she was. Also the George Aldrich Genealogy says their children were born in Mendon. NOT according to the Mendon, MA Vital Records. Think that the records in RI is the place to look. Further, nothing indicates that Sarah _________ was from Mendon, MA. Jacob Bartlett's sister Sarah was b. in Weymouth, MA so sayeth GAG. I don't have the Weymouth records, but I venture to say that between Weymouth and Providence Co., RI either Cumberland or Smithfield is the place to look. Nothing in Dedham, MA Vital Records either for your claim. In the Smithfield, RI Vital Records by Arnold Vol 1 pg 17 Abigail Aldrich and Joseph Bartlett m. 07 Nov 1744 [pg 5 of the book] NOT in Cumberland. No idea who the Abigail Aldrich is who married Joseph Bartlett. Sorry. Regards, Alison Franks Archivist, Rawson Family Association _____________________________________________________________________ You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com Or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

Hi.. I am researching the line of ALDRICH, through the BARTLETT name. I have read that Sarah ALDRICH, b. 16 JAN 1646, Braintree, Mass. and daughter of George ALDRICH and Katherine SEALD,married John BARTLETT, in Braintree, Mass. about 1665. They had Jacob BARTLETT b, about1676, in Attleboro, Mass. He in turn married Sarah ? from Mendon, Mass. Their son Joseph BARTLETT, born about 1705, in Dedham, Mass. married Abigail ALDRICH, in Cumberland, RI.She supposedly born, 1720, in Mendon, Mass. Does anyone know her parents? or even her siblings, so I might trace? Thank you. Marty

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Hi John: George Aldrich Genealogy , vol IV by A. James Aldrich pg 25-6 Jeremiah Knight Aldrich b. 20 May 1826 providence, RI d. 02 Aug 1905 Boston, MA m1) 03 Jun 1848 Providence, RI Sarah Hamer b. d. dau of Thomas and Hannah (Percival) Hamer m2) 09 Nov 1893 Bertha E. Anderson b. d. Note: Jeremiah was a Congregational Minister at Plainfield, CT, Riverpoint, RI, and Bridgewater, MA, Groton, MA, Rye, NH, Nashua, NH, and Wellfleet, MA. He and Sarah Hamer had children he was son of: J. Nehemiah Knight Aldrich b. 1792 Cranston, RI d. son of James and Eleanor Rice (Knight) Aldrich m Sarah Bowen Branch He was son of: James Aldrich b. 10 Jul 1770 Scituate, RI d. son of james and Alice (Smith) Aldrich m Eleanor Rice Knight b. 1771 d. 24 Sep 1858 age 87y, 7m, 18d bur Knightville, RI dau of Nehemiah and Eleanor (Hudson) Knight she m2) 02 Jul 1809 Richard Guild He was son of: Vol 1 pg 68 James Aldrich b. 18 Nov 1747 Glocester, RI d. 30 Dec 1821 son of John and 2) Elizabeth (Stevens) Aldrich m 18 Nov 1766 Alice Smith b. 15 Dec 1747 d. 10 Mar 1824 dau of Benjamin and Mary (Winsor) Smith he was son of: Vol 1 pg 49 John Aldrich b. 1695 Braintree, MA d. ca 1766 son of Samuel and Jane ( ) Aldrich m1) 30 Sep 1727 Hannah Smith b. 26 may 1708 d. 29 Nov 1741 dau of Joseph and patience (Mowry) Smith m2) Elizabeth Stevens b. 30 Dec 1721 d. 1813 dau of ____________ he was son of: Vol 1 pg 41 Samuel Aldrich b. 1665 Braintree, MA {this is in error} No record in Braintree d. 02 Apr 1747 son of Joseph and Patience (Osborn) Aldrich m Jane Puffer b. d. 17 Dec 1749 dau of James and Mary (Ludden) Puffer he was son of: Vol 1 pg 36 Joseph Aldrich b. 04 Jun 1635 Dorchester, MA d. son of George and Catherine (Seald) Aldrich m Dec 1661 Patience osborne b. d. 1705 dau of John and Mary (Knight) Osborne Please note: These are no sources for the information in here. Some of this is quite likely erroneous as to dates and places. Be wary. Regards, Alison Franks Archivist, Rawson Family Association _____________________________________________________________________ You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com Or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

Hi, My great great grandfather was: Jeremiah Meyer Knight Aldrich; b: May 20, 1826 in Providence, RI; d: Aug 3, 1905 in Boston, MA +Sarah Hamer; b: 1926 in Manchester, England; d: Apr 12, 1884 in Yarmouthport, MA Children: Florence Ellinor Knight Aldrich; b Dec 23, 1860 in Warwick RI; Aug14,1945 in Nashua NH +Joseph Learned Clough Lilian Aldrich Clough +Salyer E Reed John E Reed <-- this is where I fit in Marie E Aldrich Emma Cecelia Branch Aldrich; b: abt 1849 +George Fischer Stone Mary Alice Aldrich; b: about 1850 Evelynn P Aldrich; b: abt 1853 +Joseph P Thurston Edith Luella Aldrich; b: about 1854 +John J Shaw Sarah Pauleria Aldrich; b: about 1856 +G W Christie one son Aldrich; b: 1845-1860 Would anyone have any additional information on these folks? I'm guessing at the age of Sarah Hamer, Jeremiah's wife. I have a waistcoat with a note dated 1840 that said Sarah made it when she was 14.

Hi Bill: Are you a member of the Aldrich List? if not, you are welcome to join. <ALDRICH--request@rootsweb.com> In the message just the word <subscribe> To post <ALDRICH-L@rootsweb.com> If you would tell me what you do know I will try to answer you. Regards, Alison Franks Archivist, Rawson Family Association Aldrich desc. too.

Morning All. Ditto on Barbara's message (below) from an apreciative List member also. Your recipes have been a big help to many of us, and I also print and save them.. They are a good reference for both research and reminders on "How To". Please accept my thanks for all the work you do , and hope all realize the time and effort you put into sharing these recipes with us. Sharing and adding history to our research is what these list area are all about.. We all know nothing is written in stone, except on "tomb stones" :) And they are not always 100% correct either.. but we share them as this is how it is written. Sharing history as your recent recipes were , in my book, are in the same catergory, you shared with us because THIS IS THE WAY IT WAS WRITTEN! We do not change the written word when we are sharing other's writings. It stated these were the facts found for the majority, and yes we all know some detered from the norm.. but they were still great recipes and many of us learned something,, Thank Again and keep those recipes coming. :) Thanks Again for myself and many others on both the Cook & Aldrich list.. Alice At 01:02 AM 5/17/98 EDT, you wrote: >Thank you, Sue for sending all of that historical information. I know that it >took a great deal of your time and I appreciate it. I know that you were not >saying everything was absolutely true, just that is what is offered in the >history books. I have printed out everything and truly appreciate your work. >Barbara > > > alicep@ma.ultranet.com "Message From Massachusetts"

To Aldrich Family Researchers: Regarding my query, dated 14 May, about Abner Aldrich, I have all six volumes of the GAG so I already believe he appears only on page fifty of volume one. I can find him no where else. I am hoping some descendant has information in personal family records. Can anyone tell me please, is there a way, on the internet, to get birth and death records from the court house in Ontario County, New York.? Thank you G. M. Church Humble, Texas

Hi All: This abner was not carried on in volumes 1 thru 5. I don't have vol 6, so cannot tell if it was carried on there, or if it were to be in Vol 7 which has not gone to print as yet. Sorry. Alison _____________________________________________________________________ You don't need to buy Internet access to use free Internet e-mail. Get completely free e-mail from Juno at http://www.juno.com Or call Juno at (800) 654-JUNO [654-5866]

Bounced to me. Please reply to the original submitter and NOT to me. W. David Samuelsen.

SUE'S COOK BOOK, RECIPE #10 PART 4, THE "SCOTCH-IRISH" This last article is about a group of people who came to be known as the "Scotch-Irish" or the "Ulster Irish", both of which are completely American terms and very misleading--since very few of the people in this migration had any Irish blood at all. To help you understand who these people really were, I'm going to start with a brief history lesson. Over a period of several centuries, there was almost constant war between England and Scotland. The battles took place in the border counties of both countries and the people who lived there, whether English or Scottish, were living in a war zone. This made their lives quite different than anywhere else in the British Isles; they had much more in common with each other than with the rest of England or the rest of Scotland. The men were very warrior- like and often away at battle. They lived with constant economic oppression because soldiers trampled their crops, rustlers stole their livestock, taxes were high, and wages were low. The border kept changing; sometimes both countries claimed the border counties at once. Eventually, many of them decided to leave. Some went to Northern Ireland, settling in the area of Ulster. In the period between 1717 and 1775, these English/Scottish Borderers (a much better name for them) came into the port at Philadelphia in great numbers. Some came directly from the Northern English counties of Yorkshire, Lancashire, Westmoreland, Durham, Cumberland, and Northumberland. Some came directly from the Southern Scottish counties of Ayr, Dumfries, Wigtown, Roxburgh, and Berwick. Others had gone to the Northern Irish counties of Derry, Down, Armagh, Antrim, and Tyrone and migrated from there to America. A few Northern Irish came with them, but most of the people in this migration were English or Scottish. When they arrived, their behavior, dress, and speech patterns were so very different from those people (mostly Quakers) already living in Pennsylvania that they were rejected, ridiculed, and called "Scotch-Irish"--a derogatory term used to be certain nobody would think they were English! The reason for this migration was much different than for the other 3 groups. It had nothing to do with religion, but was for the purpose of material betterment. The Borderers were not the poorest of the poor (those people didn't have enough money to migrate) but they were mostly from the economic lower class. They were farmers and semi-skilled craftsmen. Very few came in bondage; very few were servants. They were of mixed religious backgrounds. The largest number were Presbyterian, but there were Anglicans and other protestant sects represented as well. There was a very broad age range; all except elderly were well represented. Males outnumbered females by about 149 to 100. In spite of their poverty, they were a very proud people--and this was a source of further irritation to their neighbors. They settled in the "back- country" of Pennsylvania and, when the roads to the south began to open, they left and went down into the Shennandoah Valley of Virginia. They continued to follow this pattern of living in the "back country" for years, going first into the Carolinas, then into Tennessee and Kentucky, then further west to Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, and Oklahoma. (If this was the migratory pattern of your ancestors, they may have been "Scotch-Irish".) Family life was different for the borderers. They lived mostly in nuclear families, but the extended family was much more extended than for most other people. The family extended out for 4 generations and connected one nuclear family to another and one generation to the next. This group was called a clan. Clans tended to live and move together. This was the way in the borderlands of England and Scotland and it continued to be the way in the back country of America. The Borderers had large families just like the Puritans. The age at marriage was much younger than in any of group of British immigrates. The average age for men was 21 and for women 19. Weddings were wild affairs, full of ritual, and costly. Sometimes brides were abducted, usually (but not always) willingly. First cousins often married to "kept it in the clan". There was a shortage of clergy in the back country and sometimes couples got tired of waiting. Premarital pregnancies were common. But they were not thought to be scandalous. The Borderers made a joke of it! Family life was very different. Men were warriors and women were workers. These men had to be warriors in the old country for generations and the pattern didn't change just because they migrated. The most important possessions for a man were his gun and his horse. In any society where the men go off to war, the women do much more heavy labor at home. This was true for the Borderers. In these families, the women labored in the fields right beside their husbands. Families were male dominant; women and children were supposed to obey. Borderer families also had a strange mix of love and violence in their homes. And feuds between clans sometimes occurred. These Borderers brought their child-naming practices with them. There was a pattern but they were the least likely group to follow it. The pattern in this male dominant society was for the two eldest sons to be named after their grandfathers and the third son after his father. They also used Biblical names (John the most common), Teutonic names (Richard or Robert the most common), names of Border saints, such as Andrew, Patrick, or David, Celtic names, such as Ewan/Owen, Barry, or Roy, names from other cultures, such as Ronald or Archibald, names of Scottish Kings, such as Alexander, Charles, or James, names of brave border warriors, such as Wallace, Bruce, Perry, or Howard, place names, such as Ross, Clyde, Carlisle, Tyne or Derry. Sometimes they made up names or feminized family names and gave them to their daughters (i.e. Hoyt=Hoyette). The most common names for girls were the same as in all 3 of the other groups of English immigrants--Mary, Elizabeth and Sarah. There were also some naming taboos: they did not use Scotish Highlander names, such as Douglas, Donald, Kenneth, Ian, or Stewart; they did not use Gaelic names, such as Sean, Kathleen, Maureen, or Sheila. Child-rearing practices in the back country were very different. Borderer parents were highly indulgent and permissive. Socialization began at birth. Children, especially boys, were taught to exercise their wills. They doted on their male children, who were reared to have fierce pride, stubborn independence, and a warrior's courage. Girls were taught the domestic virtues of patience, industry, sacrifice, and devotion to others. Men shared in the care of their children from infancy. Corporal punishment was often used. There were very few schools in the back country and formal education didn't seem to be important. There was more illiteracy in this group; 20 to 30 percent couldn't even sign their own name. The main occupation was a combination of crop farming and herd grazing. There was no class system; everyone was seen as equal. This was the most mobile of the four groups. They moved more often and they were the only group to have scattered, isolated settlements. Whereas the other groups tended to live along roads, the Borderers tended to live along creeks and streams. Because they had to travel long distances to visit, over-night stays were much more common. Finding records for this group is tough. They tended not to keep them. In Virginia, the best source would be Episcopal Church records, in the Carolinas try Presbyterian Church records. In all areas, look for collections of family Bible records. Mostly you need luck! Compiled by Sue Roe May 1998

SUE'S COOK BOOK, RECIPE #10 PART 3, THE QUAKERS Between 1675 and 1725, the Quakers left the North Midlands of England in great numbers and came to the Delaware River area of Pennsylvania and West Jersey. Although there were some Quakers in New England earlier, they were not Quakers when they arrived. They came as Puritans and were converted at the hands of Quaker missionaries during the 1650's and 60's. When this happened they were driven out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and went to Rhode Island and places beyond. The Quakers we are talking about here became Quakers in England and then left, not so much because of persecution (although they were persecuted), but because they felt called to a spiritual pilgrimage. It is estimated that about 23,000 Quakers left England in this migration, about 80 percent of them from the North Midland counties of Cheshire, Lancashire, Yorkshire, Derbyshire, Staffordshire, and Nottinghamshire. About 10 percent were from Wales and Ireland and the rest from scattered counties in England. But it is interesting to note that there were none from East Anglia (Puritan territory). This was as Christian migration, but different than those of New England Puritans and Virginia Anglicans. The Quaker view of the Bible was different--with a great emphasis on the New Testament and no formal doctrine, no formal worship service, no ordained ministers. They did, however, have a highly organized system of meetings and record keeping. Their doctrine might be described and one of love and light. The Quaker migration was not as much a family affair as the Puritan migration, but much more so than in Virginia. The Quakers came from the lower middle class of English society. They were farmers, craftsmen, laborers, and servants. The Quakers lived in nuclear family households--but had much emphasis on extended family. All uncles, cousins, etc. were family--so were in-laws. In fact, there were no in-law relationships. If someone married in they became son or daughter or cousin. (So you may not find a distinction in records.) The Quakers even extended this feeling of family to the family of God. The whole community was family to them! Quaker families tended to be a bit smaller than Puritan families, but a bit larger than those in Virginia. There were fewer servants but, when there were servants, they were treated as family. Quakers put a strong emphasis on love in all their relationships--but they only seemed to love other Quakers. They lived in communities unto themselves. The Quakers had a strict set of marriage customs. A Quaker could not marry a non-Quaker. If they did, they were disowned. For this reason, there were more of them that did not marry than in other groups. But this was not condemned as in other groups. First cousin marriages were not allowed--but they often married relatives of a lesser degree of closeness. Marriage was a community affair. Parental consent was required, but the marriage had to be approved by the community as well. Quaker weddings had seven steps--most involving the community. The wedding ceremony itself was very plain. Average age at marriage was similar to the Puritans-- 26 for men, 22 for women. For a Quaker, there was a sharp distinction between love and lust. They married for Christian love, not for sexual attraction. The Quakers believed that souls had no gender. Men and women were equal and were to be helpmates for each other. So equal were they, that the Quakers even allowed women to be preachers. Their households were less male dominant, a folkway they brought from the North Midlands of England. They believed that sex was to be confined to marriage and went to great pains in their style of dress to keep it that way. The Quakers did not believe in Christening babies, but names for babies were very carefully selected by the parents and then approved by the community. In keeping with their belief in equality, they named the first son for the wife's father and the first daughter for the husband's mother, then reversed the process on the next son and daughter. About 50 percent of Quaker children were given Biblical names. The most common were John, Joseph, Samuel, Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah, Anna/Hannah, Esther/Hester. They also used Teutonic names such as George, Thomas, or William, and plain English names such as Jane, Catherine, Margaret, or Phebe. "Grace names" were popular with Quakers (i.e. Grace, Mercy, Chastity, Preserve, Restore, Increase). The rearing of children was done in an atmosphere of loving, nurturing, and sheltering. Children were thought to be incapable of sin before the age of 11 or 12. Rewards were usually used rather than punishments and corporal punishment was rare. There was a strict behavior code and the whole community helped to instill it in their children. Children were never "sent out" as in New England. They always lived at home until married. They were encouraged to socialize, but only with other Quaker children. The Quakers practiced something called "Eldering". The elder members of the community were given a place of respect just as in the other groups of immigrants, but it was not one of authority. They had more of a nurturing role. They gave advice to the young, who were required to listen respectfully, but not required to obey. Literacy was not as important to the Quakers as it was to the Puritans and the Virginia elite. They were hostile toward public schools and home schooled their children if they knew how. They lived in neighborhoods of farms--none were ever isolated. There was a village in the center of a group of farms--this constituted the township. The best resource for genealogists is Quaker Meeting records. They kept meticulous records and also had their own separate burial grounds. Compiled by Sue Roe May 1998

SUE'S COOK BOOK, RECIPE #10 PART 2, THE CAVALIERS AND SERVANTS In ALBION'S SEED, David Fischer referred to this second group of immigrants as "Distressed Cavaliers and Indentured Servants". As we go along, I think you will see why. These were a group of people who emigrated mostly from the Southwestern English Counties of Gloucestershire, Somerset, Devonshire, Dorset, Wiltshire, Hampshire and several others to the Chesapeake Bay area of Virginia and Maryland between 1642 and 1675, the peak period being the 1650's. The reason for this migration was a bit more complicated. The Puritans had gotten control in England and the Anglicans were now being persecuted. So some of the people who left did it for the reason of religious persecution, just as the Puritans had. But there was a secondary motivation for some. The laws of inheritance in England gave all real property to the eldest son of the family. Some of those who left England were second or third sons of "elite" families who wanted to go to a place where they could have land of their own. In the beginning, Virginia attracted people of mixed religious backgrounds. But the main religion was the Church of England (Episcopal). After Virginia became a royal colony, the Assembly passed laws making the Church of England the State Church in Virginia (1632). Over a period of time, it became more and more difficult for persons of dissenting religions to remain in Virginia. About 25 percent of the persons in this second migration were from the English "elite"--they had wealth, social standing, and education in England. They were members of the Anglican Church and they were Royalist in their politics. The other 75 percent were from the lower classes and came as servants, many as indentured servants, to work on the large plantations established by the "cavaliers". These were poor, illiterate, and unskilled. Right away, there was a class system established in Virginia that did not exist and would not have been approved of in New England. In this migration, males outnumbered females by about 4 to 1. A majority of those who came were unmarried males between the ages of 15 and 24. The family feelings were just as strong in this group as among the Puritans, but different in substance. There was much more emphasis on the extended family. Members of the same extended family tended to settle together and stay near each other. The unit of residence was the nuclear family, but the unit of association was the extended family. They flocked together in neighborhoods and buried their dead in family plots. (Unlike New England where there were common burial grounds in each town.) The terms "brother" and "cousin" were used more loosely--and can't always be taken literally when found in records. Households often included servants, lodgers and visitors. All were treated as family as long as they were in the household. Virginians didn't seem to be suspicious of strangers as New Englanders were. In Virginia, families tended to be smaller--mainly because the death rate was much higher. There were more step-relationships for the same reason. This group shared the Puritans' strong imperative to marry. Bachelors and spinsters were condemned as unnatural and dangerous to society. But marriage was not a contract as in New England; it was a indissoluble union, a sacred knot that could not be untied. All marriages were performed in the state church (Anglican) and divorce was not allowed. There were 5 required steps to marriage: espousal, banns, religious ceremony, marriage feast, sexual consummation. Written permission from parents was required. Love was not thought to be necessary before marriage. When it didn't occur before, it was expected to follow. Parents had an active role in marriage decisions but didn't usually force a child to marry against his/her will. First cousin marriages were okay in Virginia and often happened. This followed their pattern of "keep it in the family". Marriage feasts were elaborate--unlike New England where they weren't allowed. The average age at marriage for a male was about the same as in New England, 25-26, but for females it was younger, 18-20. Some men did not marry because there simply weren't enough women to go around. Sexual relationships were supposed to be confined to marriage, but punishments were not so severe as in New England and females were punished more severely than males. The naming patterns for children followed the customs of Southwest England. Children were often named for family members, but in a different pattern than New England. The eldest son was named for his paternal grandfather, next son for the maternal grandfather, next for the father. The same pattern was used for girls. They used fewer Biblical names than in New England and often named children for Kings and Knights--favorites were Robert, Richard, Edward, George, and Charles. They also used names of Christian saints not found in the Bible and English folk names--favorites were Margaret, Jane, Catherine, Frances, and Alice. But the Biblical names of Mary, Elizabeth and Sarah were just as popular as in New England. Infant Christening was practiced. The parents in Virginia were more indulgent than the parents in New England. Children were actually encouraged to be self-willed, but they were also expected to observe some rather elaborate rituals of self-restraint. The elder patriarch idea was very strong and much ritual surrounded it also. There were few schools. Children of the elite class were educated at home and the poor remained illiterate. There were no townships as in New England. People settled on plantations and there were small market villages. The best source of records is the Episcopal Church, where all baptisms, marriages and deaths were recorded. There was a period of about 100 years when everyone had to do these things in the state church, even if not a member. Compiled by Sue Roe May 1998

SUE'S COOK BOOK, RECIPE #10 PART 1, INTRODUCTION AND THE PURITANS This time, my column will be a bit different. We're going to have a history lesson. I thought it might be helpful to many of you if I did a "Recipe" on the four largest groups of emigrants from the British Isles to Colonial America. They were: the PURITANS who came, primarily, from East Anglia to the Massachusetts Bay Colony between 1629 and 1640; the CAVALIERS AND SERVANTS who came, primarily, from the south of England to Virginia between 1642 and 1675; the QUAKERS who came, primarily, from the English Midlands to Pennsylvania between 1675 and 1725; and the SCOTCH-IRISH who came, primarily, from the English/Scottish border counties (sometimes via northern Ireland) to Virginia (via Pennsylvania) between 1717 and 1775. There were other groups of immigrants, but these were, by far, the largest. Therefore, most of us have ancestors in one or more of these groups. I have written an article on each group, presenting the characteristics that are most important to a genealogist--such as, migration patterns and naming practices. I did not go into things not so important to a genealogist--such as architecture and sports. If you would like to study these groups in more depth, I recommend that you read the book, ALBION'S SEED: FOUR BRITISH FOLKWAYS IN AMERICA by David Hackett Fischer, Oxford University Press, 1989. It can be found in the History section of your local library or bookstore (paperback edition $25.00). Much (but not all) of the material in this "Recipe" is from that book. As I describe each group, please be aware that their ways of life here in America correspond directly to their ways of life in before they came. THE PURITANS It is estimated that, between the years 1629 and 1640, about 80,000 Puritans fled from England because of religious persecution. About 21,000 of them came to Massachusetts Bay Colony (the others went to Ireland, the Netherlands and the West Indies). They came from all over England, but most heavily from the East England counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, Herfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Huntingdonshire, Lincolnshire, and Kent. Of the total, about 60 percent were from these counties. The next largest number came from the southern counties of Dorset, Somerset, Wiltshire, Devonshire, and Hampshire. Less than 10 percent came from the City of London. The majority of the Puritans were from the middle class of English society. They were educated--two thirds of the adult males could sign their own names--and most of them could afford to pay their own passage. They were usually (about 60 percent) skilled craftsmen or tradesmen. Less than a third of them had been employed in agriculture in England. Those who did farm followed the East Anglia practice of mixed husbandry and a trade. They tended to migrate in families. More than 40 percent were adult men and women over the age of 25 and about half of them were children under the age of 16. The gender ratio was about 150 men to 100 women. Very few were elderly and very few were servants. Those servants who did come were usually already part of the family before leaving England--not part of a labor draft. With the Puritans, the nuclear family was very important and the extended family not as important as in other groups. Therefore, we don't see them migrating in clans as, for example, the Scotch- Irish did. When they settled in the new world, their settlements were the same style that they had been used to in England: Towns, villages, and farmsteads outside of a village but no more than 1/2 mile from the nearest "meeting house". As a group, they tended to stay in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (greater Boston area)--but a small minority did migrate to the Connecticut River Valley. The Puritans were a part of what became the Congregational Church here in America. They subscribed to a modified Calvinist Doctrine--which can best be defined by five words: depravity, covenant, election, grace, and love. One thing that was extraordinary about this group of immigrants was that they were screened. If anyone "unsuitable" showed up in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, they were asked to leave. That was because their basic sense of order was one that required unity. In spite of the fact that there were more men than women who came, among church members there were more women than men. (Nothing has changed!) The family ways of the Puritans came out of their religious convictions. Family relationships were covenants that could be broken. Marriages, therefore, were not usually performed by a clergyman, but by the magistrate. Divorce was allowed if the covenant was broken. Valid reasons for divorce were: adultery, fraudulent contract, willful desertion, and physical cruelty. It was against the law for husbands and wives to strike each other. Sex was supposed to be confined to marriage and offenders were punished severely--both parties were punished but the men more severely than the women. The average age for marriage was higher than in any other group of immigrants. For men it was age 26 and for women age 23. (This is something to consider when trying to estimate a possible birth date from age at marriage.) There was a strong imperative to marry--those who did not were ostracized. Therefore, 98 percent of men and 94 percent of women did get married. The practice of celibacy was disapproved of by the Puritans. Both parents and children had to consent before a marriage could take place--and parents were not allowed to withhold consent arbitrarily. They had to have a valid reason. The Puritans married for love--there were no arranged marriages. Courtship practices were strict and weddings were simple affairs. Banns had to be posted before a marriage could take place. First cousin marriages were forbidden and second cousin marriages were discouraged. Families were larger among the Puritans than any other group. They did not approve of doing anything to prevent pregnancy and they valued their children very much. The naming of a child was not a trivial matter. Biblical names were preferred and they named children after family members. Ninety percent of all Puritan children had Biblical names--this is much higher than in any other group of immigrants. The most common names for boys were John, Joseph, Samuel and Josiah; the most common for girls were Mary, Elizabeth and Sarah, followed by Hannah, Rebecca, Anne, Deborah, Huldah, Abigail, Rachel and Ruth. These were all names of Biblical persons of great virtue. The hope was that the child would follow in the footsteps of the namesake. Some names were forbidden: Jesus, Emmanuel, Christopher, Gabriel, Michael, Angel, etc. They did not allow anyone to have Christ's name or the name of an angel. People were thought to be much too unworthy for such names. Children were never named after God- parents as in some other groups, but were often named after family members. Two thirds of all eldest children in a Puritan family were named after their parents; this was followed by grandparents and other relatives (omitting, of course, any disapproved names). Children were often named for a previous child who had died. A small group of Puritans (only about 1 percent) from the area of Sussex gave oratory names to their children (i.e. Be-worthy, Safely-on-high, Kill-sin, etc.). Puritans were strict parents who loved their children very much but believed their wills needed to be broken (due to basic depravity of human nature). This will-breaking was achieved by strict and rigorous supervision in which the fathers took an active part. They tried to use mental discipline and love but, if it didn't work, they were quick to use physical constraints. The practice of "sending out" was used. Children often were sent to stay with other families for training, discipline, apprenticeship, etc. Puritans had a great respect for the elderly and ranked people according to age. The elderly had the best seats in the meeting house, held the highest offices, etc. This was because they believed that God, the bestower of life, gave them long life for a purpose--to influence the younger generation to salvation. The Puritans valued education. All children were taught to read by parents or masters; schools were available very early; and four colleges were founded prior to the Revolution. When looking for records in New England, your two best sources are town records (marriages were recorded here) and Congregational Church records (for burials and baptisms--the Puritans practiced infant baptism). In many cases, the church records were turned over to the town clerk and everything will be found in the town records. Later on, marriages began to be performed and recorded by clergymen. The best bet is to do a thorough search of both! Compiled by Sue Roe May 1998

Aldrich Family Researchers: I am seeking information about Abner Aldrich, born 2 June 1734, in Glocester, Rhode Island, son of Jonathan and Abigail Walker Aldrich. Who did he marry? Where and when did he die? Who were his children? All help much appreciated. Thank you G. M. Church Humble, Texas

Dear Ralph, Thanks for taking the time and energy to post the records of Ontario Co., NY as regards the Aldrich family. I am in Erie Co.; many of these folks moved on to Erie Co., or their progeny did. Looking forward to the rest of the marriages, if there are any more. Sue Kulp, Orchard Park, NY

Hi All Ontario County Deed Index, Grantees, 1789 - 1845, Abbey through Ayres YEAR LAST NAME FIRST NAME GRANTOR LAST GRANTOR FIRST LIB PAGE 1835 Aldrich Aaron Aldritch Abner 57 104 1844 Aldrich Aaron Hotchkiss William 76 299 1825 Aldrich Abner Lapham Abraham 42 464 1801 Aldrich Abraham Phelps Oliver 7 385 1804 Aldrich Abraham Phelps Mary 10 136 1804 Aldrich Abraham Aldrich Asa 10 136 1800 Aldrich Ahaz Power Abiather 6 557 1803 Aldrich Ahaz Macomber Caleb 9 481 1823 Aldrich Ahaz Wells Peter 42 9 1828 Aldrich Ahaz Sedgwick Theodore 47 161 1832 Aldrich Ahaz Aicher Garner 53 232 1804 Aldrich Asa Phelps Mary 10 136 1804 Aldrich Asa Aldrich Abraham 10 137 1811 Aldrich Asa Gorham Nathaniel 15 560 1818 Aldrich Asa Jr Fuller John 30 76 1805 Aldrich Benajah Lapham Abraham 10 642 1818 Aldrich Benajah Arms Daniel 31 510 1822 Aldrich Benajah Baker Moses 39 202 1814 Aldrich Chad Woodmanse Gabriel 22 131 1814 Aldrich Chad Willits Richard 22 134 1842 Aldrich Clarkson Aldrich Esek 72 283 1842 Aldrich Clarkson Aldrich Esek 72 284 1812 Aldrich David Howell Nathaniel 17 287 1817 Aldrich David Howland Job 29 150 1818 Aldrich David Norton Heman 31 493 1821 Aldrich David Hurlbutt Elisha 37 235 1831 Aldrich David Smith George 51 520 1843 Aldrich David S Beals Alphens 74 519 1841 Aldrich Elizabeth A Dunwell Stephen 71 102 1814 Aldrich Esek Aldrich Willis 22 65 1814 Aldrich Esek Aldrich Jesse 22 66 1814 Aldrich Esek Comstock Darius 22 66 1821 Aldrich Esek Aldrich Jesse 37 146 1815 Aldrich Frederick Herendeen Thomas 22 329 1815 Aldrich Frederick Sheldon Nathaniel 23 147 1813 Aldrich Harris Warner David 18 64 1814 Aldrich Hosea Curtis Asa 21 350 1844 Aldrich Hosea Peck Thomas 75 437 1818 Aldrich Huldah Norton Heman 31 494 1818 Aldrich Huldah Aldrich David 31 495 1819 Aldrich Huldah Strong Elisha B 34 109 1801 Aldrich Isa Phelps Oliver 7 385 1809 Aldrich Isaac Phelps Oliver 14 21 1813 Aldrich James Stuart Nathan 18 300 1832 Aldrich Jeremiah Sayer Luke 52 508 1802 Aldrich Jesse Wheeler John 9 146 1823 Aldrich John Comstock Nathan 41 195 1832 Aldrich John Aldrich Nathan 53 70 1832 Aldrich John Comstock Darius 53 343 1835 Aldrich John Hance Benjamin Jr 57 414 1835 Aldrich John Richardson Paul S 58 542 1845 Aldrich John Lapham Ira 79 250 1801 Aldrich Leonard Hayden Jonathan 7 199 1817 Aldrich Marcy Aldrich David 29 148 1817 Aldrich Marcy Aldrich David 29 149 1807 Aldrich Mary Dillon William 11 482 1822 Aldrich Mary Wagenor David 40 214 1841 Aldrich Mary Jane Dunwell Stephen 71 102 1825 Aldrich Mather Aldrich Zeba 43 332 1818 Aldrich Moury Aldrich Mary 31 97 1819 Aldrich Mowry Aldrich Ahaz 32 417 1835 Aldrich Nancy Aldrich Seymour 58 383 1835 Aldrich Nancy Aldrich Seymour 58 384 1813 Aldrich Nathan Lapham Abraham 18 296 1813 Aldrich Nathan Smith Levi 18 297 1813 Aldrich Nathan Lapham Abraham 18 298 1814 Aldrich Nathan Comstock Jared 20 368 1814 Aldrich Nathan Brown David 20 369 1821 Aldrich Nathan Hathaway Isaac 38 219 1821 Aldrich Nathan Nichols Adam 38 219 1823 Aldrich Nathan Thorn Webster 41 193 1823 Aldrich Nathan Campbell Lewis 41 194 1824 Aldrich Nathan Lapham Abraham 42 464 1827 Aldrich Nathan Herendeen Welcome 45 277 1829 Aldrich Nathan Aldrich Peter 48 252 1829 Aldrich Nathan Barker William 48 253 1832 Aldrich Nathan Aldrich Frederick 53 255 1832 Aldrich Nathan Comstock Darius 53 344 1834 Aldrich Nathan Sheldon Webster 55 132 1834 Aldrich Nathan Aldrich Frederick 56 327 1841 Aldrich Nathan Spencer Alfred 71 125 1815 Aldrich Oren Augustus Ernest 22 511 1827 Aldrich Peter Pattison Sunderland 46 26 1827 Aldrich Peter Comstock Joseph 46 27 1833 Aldrich Phebe Pound Hugh 54 428 1833 Aldrich Phila Aldrich Stephen 54 427 1801 Aldrich Rachel Phelps Oliver 7 385 1838 Aldrich Richard Hathaways Isaac 64 519 1838 Aldrich Richard Phettiplace Randall 64 71 1839 Aldrich Richard Hathaway Joseph 65 71 1821 Aldrich Savill Pratt Joseph 37 266 1821 Aldrich Savill Smith Isaac 37 268 1827 Aldrich Seth Benham Eli 46 383 1830 Aldrich Seth Comstock Otis 49 447 1830 Aldrich Seth Comstock Otis 49 448 1832 Aldrich Seth Beals Thomas 53 353 1832 Aldrich Seymour Knapp Leonard 53 135 1832 Aldrich Seymour Sawyer Hooker 53 137 1835 Aldrich Seymour Warner William 57 586 1837 Aldrich Seymour Hubbard Pliny 62 243 1805 Aldrich Solomon Lapham Abraham 10 643 1810 Aldrich Solomon Duncan Alexander 14 422 1817 Aldrich Stephen Swift John 28 459 1821 Aldrich Stephen Potter Arnold 38 4 1823 Aldrich Stephen McCollum Joel 40 477 1823 Aldrich Stephen Comstock Jared 40 478 1833 Aldrich Stephen Hathaway Isaac 54 426 1837 Aldrich Stephen Aldrich Seth 62 497 1835 Aldrich Stephen C Ellis Benjamin A 57 505 1807 Aldrich Turner Hathaway Isaac 11 421 1807 Aldrich Turner Comstock Jared 11 422 1813 Aldrich Wanton Warner David 18 64 1839 Aldrich Warren Brooks Alanson 66 62 1819 Aldrich Wiilis Smith Jacob 32 446 1802 Aldrich Willis Comstock Nathan 8 72 1802 Aldrich Willis Wheeler John 8 146 1802 Aldrich Willis Brown Jeremiah 8 469 1841 Aldrich Willson Dunwell Stephen 71 102 1818 Aldrich Zimshoda Power Abither 31 96 1823 Aldridge Abner Rhea Robert 41 283 1804 Aldridge Gilbert Pulteney Sir William 9 539 1833 Aldridge Gilbert Bushnell William 55 90 1834 Aldridge Gilbert Embry Thomas 55 286 1845 Aldridge Gilbert Cromwell Thomas 78 299 1808 Aldridge Hosea Craray Joanna 13 173 1803 Aldridge Mercy Carter William 9 306 1803 Aldridge Mercy Carter William 9 307 1803 Aldridge Mercy Carter William 9 308 1811 Aldridge Turner Williamson Charles 16 107 Marriages in Canandaigua, NY, Ontario County, 1882-1908 NOTE: This index was produced by Gilbert Smith, Ontario County Genealogical Society. These records are NOT part of the holdings of Ontario County Records and Archives Center. Please contact the City Clerk, City Hall, 2 Main Street, Canandaigua NY 14424. REG # DATE GROOM Last GROOM FN BRIDE Last BRIDE F 968 02 Mar 98 Aldrich Herman Cox Adelia Ralph L. Still

Hi All FRIEND'S CEMETERY Also known as NORTH FARMINGTON FRIEND'S CEMETERY Farmington, New York Located behind the Friend's Meeting House Northeast corner of the intersection of Sheldon Road and County Road #8 Reproduced with permission of the Rochester Public Library Local History Division, Rochester New York, November, 1997 There are two renderings of this cemetery. The first is by Marjorie E. Merriman and Gertrude Miller; date unknown. (before 1950) The second,compilers and date are unknown. There are some discrepencies between the two copies; care has been taken to account for all information; we apologize for any errors or omissions. PREFACE This cemetery is still used and well kept up. There are a few stones which have been broken or have fallen off their foundations, as noted . There are a few old slate stones which have "flaked" apart and are undecipherable. Also, there areabout 8 or 10 of the older red stones which have nothing left on them. Some of the old sand stone type monuments are difficult to read. In front of the Friend's Meeting House, there is a historical marker which reads as follows: "The earliest Friend's Meeting House west of Utica was built of logs near this spot by pioneers 1876. A frame structure 1804 was replaced 1876 by the present building. A larger Meeting House built opposite this site accomodated the yearly meetings and was used for worship, 1816-1926 Erected by public spirited citizens and the State of New York 1929 Aldrich, Bryce, d. 9mo., 6, 1854, 82yr. Aldrich, Huldah, Wife of Bryce, d. June 30, 1856, 84yr. Aldrich, Lois, d. May 14, 1885, 73yr. Aldrich, Melinda, d. Dec 18, 1884, 86yr. Aldrich, Clarkson, d. Dec 10, 1894, 81yr., 10mo., Aldrich, Charlotte L., dau Clarkson & Emily C., d. Feb 20, 1854, 17yr., 6mo., 14da. Aldrich, Emily C., Wife of Clarkson, d. May 9, 1866, 54yr., 3mo., 17da. Aldrich, Gralette, 1843-1907 Aldrich, Esther, Wife of Urial, d. Nov 24, 1895, 85yr. Aldrich, Fanny E., Wife, Aralette, d. July 1, 1879, age 22yr., 7mo. Aldrich, Mary, 1849-1931 (Gralette) Aldrich, M. Olive, 1890-1953 (next to Rollin C.) Aldrich, Rollin C.,, 1855-1928 Aldrich, Verna Wood, Wife of R.C., 1854-1930 Aldrich, Esek, d. 28 of 6, 1858, 78yr, 9mo. Aldrich, Sarah, Wife of Esek, d. Dec 24, 1857, 73yr. Aldrich, Urial, d. Sept 24, 1882, 78yr., 9mo. Aldrich, L. Byron, d. Mar 20, 1900, 62yr., 4mo., 10da. Ralph L. Still

Hi All. Great info Ralph S. Thanks for sharing. For many years the Aldrich Reunion was held every other year in Farmington, NY.. I almost made it a few years ago, but didn't!! :( Our historian Bob C. has attended the Farmington Reunion many times. So I believe these cemetery records would be of great interest to many of our members both off and on the list.. Thanks Again Alice alicep@ma.ultranet.com "Message From Massachusetts"