We now have the first 12 marker results for four of our original group of five testers. You can see the results by going to http://www.familytreedna.com/public/Ainsworth/ . So far all of the testers have been in the R1b haploid group which is not a surprise since it is the most common group for people originating in northern Europe. First of all, there was a one marker difference between my brother and another tester who we believe is also descended from the same James Hainsworth / Ainsworth. This kind of a one marker mutation is not terribly significant but the 25 marker test should be more definitive. Our U.S. participant who knows that he is descended from a line that was still in England in the 1800's is very different from the other U.S. results that we have so far. It will be interesting to see how closely he matches with our participant from England whose results have not come in yet. The biggest surprise for me is that there is a four marker difference between my brother and the descendant of Thomas Hainsworth / Ainsworth who is participating in the DNA study. I have always believed that Thomas was a first or second cousin of my James. They both originated in the Carolinas in the 1770s or 1780s and ended up living in MS. They both had brothers named Levin Hainsworth or Ainsworth. There are other things that seem to link their families but according to the information from FamilyTree DNA, these families probably have not shared a common ancestor for thousands of years. The only way that we will be able to resolve some of these issues is to expand our group of test participants. We need to recruit people from more of the different Ainsworth lines from different parts of the world. We also need more people descended each of the lines that are already represented in the testing group to be able to determine if they give matching results. This is the beginning of the puzzle. We need to collect many more pieces before it all begins to make sense. Barbara